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Chem 120 - Test 1 – 85 Questions and Answers
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Chem 120 - Test 1 – 85 Questions andAnswers
The Scientific Method - --Identify a problem
-Ask a question
-Propose an answer based on previous knowledge
-Try to disprove the hypothesis
-Revise and retest as necessary
-Draw conclusions and develop a model (theory)
-Atom - -The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that
element
-Modern Atomic Theory - -All matter is result of atoms
-Subatomic Particles - -Protons, neutrons, and electrons
-Proton - -Positively charged subatomic particle (found in the nucleus)
-Neutron - -Electrically neutral subatomic particle (found in the nucleus)
-Electron - -Negatively charged subatomic particle (found outside of the
nucleus)
-Nucleus - -The dense central core of an atom that contains protons and
neutrons
-AMU - -Atomic mass unit. 1/12 of the mass of one carbon-12 atom
-Atomic Number - -(Z) - the number of protons in an atom, bottom left
-Mass Number - -(A) - the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom,
top left
-Isotopes - -Atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass
numbers
-Symbol of Element - -Abbreviation from the periodic table showing atomic
number as a presubscript and mass number as a presuperscript
-Atomic Weight - -(atomic mass) - weighted average of the masses of an
element's atom
-Nucleon - -A general term for both neutrons and protons
, -Nuclide - -The nucleus of a specific isotope of an element
-Nuclear Reaction - -A reaction that changes an atomic nucleus, usually
causing the change of one element into another
-Radioactivity - -The spontaneous emission of radiation from a nucleus
-Alpha particle - -A helium nucleus emitted as radiation from the nucleus of
an atom
-Beta particle - -An electron emitted as radiation from the nucleus of an
atom
-Gamma radiation - -Radioactivity consisting of high-energy light waves
-Radioisotope - -A radioactive isotope
-Radionuclide - -The nucleus of a radioactive isotope
-Tracer - -A molecule with a radioisotope attached that is placed in the body
as a way of tracking the function of a particular organ or area of the body
-Nuclear Decay - -The spontaneous emission of a particle from an unstable
nucleus
-Transmutation - -The change of one element into another
-Alpha Emission - -Lowers the atomic number of that atom by 2, lowers the
mass number by 4
-Beta Emission - -Does not change the mass number, increases the atomic
number by 1 (daughter isotope)
-Gamma Emission - -Accompanies alpha or beta emission but does not in
and of itself change the nucleus
-Positron Emission - -Does not change the mass number, decreases the
atomic number by 1
-Electron Capture - -Same net effect as positron emission
-Half-Life - -The amount of time required for half of a particular sample of
radioactive material to decay
-Ionizing Radiation - -A general name for high-engery radiation of all kinds
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