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BIO 210 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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BIO 210 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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BIO 210 FINAL EXAM REVIEWDefine Homeostasis - Answers -The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant
environment within the body.
Lymphatic System - Answers -Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph,
combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and transports fats from digestive tract.
Consist of:
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
lymphatic organs
Respiratory System - Answers -Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
blood and air and regulates blood pH.
Consists of:
lungs
larynx
trachea
bronchi
nose and nasal cavity
Digestive System - Answers -Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of
digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Consists of:
mouth
esophagus
stomach
intestines
rectum
gallbladder
appendix
Integumentary System - Answers -Provides protection, regulates temperature, reduces
water loss, and produces vitamin D precursors.
Consists of:
skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
Skeletal System - Answers -Provides protection and support, allows body movements,
produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.
Consists of:
bones
associated cartilages
ligaments
,joints
Muscular System - Answers -Produces body movements, maintains posture, and
produces body heat.
Consists of:
muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons
7 levels of organization in the human body - Answers -from simplest, to most complex
Chemical Level
Organelle Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organism Level
Polar Covalent Bond - Answers -atoms DO NOT share their electrons equally
Non-Polar Covalent Bond - Answers -atoms DO share their electrons equally
4 most abundant elements in the body - Answers -Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
(C,H,O,N)
Atomic Number - Answers -number of protons in an atom
Atomic Weight - Answers -average of the mass numbers of all isotopes of an element
Anion - Answers -a negatively charged ion
Cation - Answers -a positively charged ion
What effect do enzymes have on chemical reactions in which they are involved? -
Answers -speed up chemical reactions without changing the reaction.
What is the "lock-and-key" concept as it relates to enzymes? - Answers -explains the
way an enzyme/substrate reaction occurs through a metabolic pathway
Hydrolysis - Answers -a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to
produce other compounds
Diffusion - Answers -the process by which molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
Acid - Answers -A proton DONOR. A substance that dissociates in water, releasing
"free" hydrogen ions [H+]
acidic levels: pH of 0 - 7.3
, Base - Answers -A proton ACCEPTOR. Substances the either accept H+, or release
hydroxide ions OH- into a solution... [OH-]
basic levels: pH of 7.5-14
Buffer - Answers -Stabilize pH. a chemical that resists changes in pH when either an
acid or a base is added to a solution containing a buffer.
Which class of organic chemicals has molecules that are sometimes called neutral fats?
- Answers -Lipids/Triglycerides
Which class of organic chemicals has molecules composed of chains of amino acids? -
Answers -Proteins
What is the repeating chemical unit (monomer) in nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) -
Answers -DNA:
A-T
T-A
C-G
G-C
RNA:
U-A
A-U
List the types of organic chemicals that can be found in the plasma membrane. -
Answers -Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
What is the general function of phospholipids? - Answers -assemble to form a lipid
bilayer, which is a double layer of phospholipid molecules.
What is the function of a ribosome? - Answers -production of proteins.
What membrane-bound organelle uses oxygen and organic molecules to make ATP? -
Answers -Mitochondria
What membrane-bound organelle is the "garbage man" of the cell. - Answers -
Lysosomes
List the types of protein fibers found inside cells in the cytoskeleton. - Answers -
microtubules
actin filaments
intermediate filaments
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