,2. The nurse is working with a group of community health members to develop a
plan to address the special health needs of women. The group would design
educational programs to address which priority condition?
A. Smoking
B. Heart disease
C. Diabetes
D. Cancer - Answer: B
Rationale: The group needs to address cardiovascular disease, the number one
cause of death in women regardless of racial or ethnic group. Smoking is related to
heart disease and the development of cancer. However, heart disease and cancer
can occur in any woman regardless of her smoking history. Cancer is the second
leading cause of death, with women having a one in three lifetime risk of
developing cancer. Diabetes is another important health condition that can affect
women. However, it is not the major health problem that heart disease is.
1. When integrating the principles of family-centered care into the birthing process,
the nurse would base care upon which belief?
A. Birth is viewed as a medical event.
B. Families are unable to make informed choices due to stress.
C. Birth results in changes in relationships.
D. Families require little information to make appropriate decisions for care. - Answer: C
Rationale: Family-centered care is based on the following principles: Birth affects
the entire family, and relationships will change; birth is viewed as a normal, healthy
event in the life of the family; and families are capable of making decisions about
their own care if given adequate information and professional support.
3. A nurse is conducting an orientation program for a group of newly hired nurses.
As part of the program, the nurse is reviewing the issue of informed consent. The
nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the group identifies which
situation as a violation of informed consent?
A. Performing a procedure on a 15-year-old without parental consent
B. Serving as a witness to the signature process on an operative permit
C. Asking whether the client understands what she is signing following receiving
education
D. Getting verbal consent over the phone for an emergency procedure from the
spouse of a unconscious woman - Answer: A
Rationale: In most states, only clients over the age of 18 can legally provide
consent for health care. Serving as a witness to the signature process, asking
whether the client understands what she is signing, and getting verbal consent over
the phone for emergency procedures are all key to informed consent and are not
violations.
4. A pregnant woman is to undergo an invasive procedure to evaluate the status of
her fetus. To ensure informed consent, which action would be the priority
,responsibility of the nurse providing care to this woman?
A. Asking relevant questions to determine the client's understanding
B. Providing a detailed description of the risks and benefits of the procedure
C. Explaining the exact steps that will occur during the procedure
D. Offering suggestions for alternative options for treatment - Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse's responsibilities related to informed consent include: Ensuring
the consent form is completed with signatures from the client; serving as a witness
to the signature process; and determining whether the client understands what she
is signing by asking her pertinent questions. The physician, advanced practice
nurse, or midwife is responsible for informing the client about the procedure and
obtaining consent by providing a detailed description of the procedure or treatment,
its potential risks and benefits, and alternative methods available.
5. A 9-month-old with glaucoma requires surgery. The infant's parents are
divorced. To obtain informed consent, which action would be most appropriate?
A. Contacting the father for informed consent
B. Obtaining informed consent from the mother
C. Seeking a court ruling on the course of care
D. Determining sole or joint custody by the parents - Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate action would be to determine legal custody by
court decree. If the parents have joint custody, then either parent may give
consent, but it is always best to have consent given by both parents. The parent
with only physical custody may give consent for emergency care. The last resort is
getting a court ruling; usually this is not necessary unless the parents disagree
about the care of the child.
6. Which statement made by a nursing student would best indicate that her
education on family-centered care was fully understood?
A. "Childbirth affects the entire family, and relationships will change."
B. "Families are usually not capable of making health care decisions for themselves,
especially in stressful situations."
C. "Mothers are the only family member affected by childbirth."
D. "Since childbirth is a medical procedure, it may affect everyone." - Answer: A
Rationale: Childbirth affects the entire family, and relationships will change.
Childbirth is viewed as a normal life event, not a medical procedure. Families are
very capable of making health care decisions about their own care with proper
information and support.
7. Which aspect of client wellness has not been a focus of health during the 21st
century ?
A. Disease prevention
B. Health promotion
C. Wellness
D. Analysis of morbidity and mortality - Answer: D
Rationale: The focus on health has shifted to disease prevention, health promotion,
and wellness. In the last century, much of the focus was on analyzing morbidity
, and mortality rates.
8. A nurse is planning a continuum of care for a client during pregnancy, labor, and
childbirth. What is the most important factor in enhancing the birthing experience?
A. Adhering to strict specific routines
B. Involving a pediatric physician
C. Educating the client about the importance of a support person
D. Assigning several nurses as a support team - Answer: C
Rationale: Educating the client about the importance of a support person during
labor and delivery has been shown to improve and enhance the birthing experience.
9. The nurse is administering a number of therapeutic interventions for neonates,
infants, and children on the pediatric unit. Which intervention contributes to an
increase in chronic illness seen in early childhood?
A. Administering antibiotics to prevent lethal infections
B. Vaccinating children to prevent childhood diseases
C. Using mechanical ventilation for premature infants
D. Using corticosteroids as a treatment for asthma - Answer: C
Rationale: Using mechanical ventilation and medications to foster lung development
in premature infants increases their survival rate. Yet the infants who survive are
often faced with myriad chronic illnesses. Administering antibiotics to prevent lethal
infections, vaccinating children to prevent childhood diseases, and using
corticosteroids as a treatment for asthma may cause side effects, but do not
contribute to chronic illness in children.
10. The nurse is reviewing a copy of the U.S. Surgeon General's Report, Healthy
People 2020. Which nursing action best reflects the nurse fostering this health care
agenda?
A. The nurse signs up for classes to obtain an advanced degree in nursing.
B. The nurse volunteers at a local health care clinic providing free vaccinations for
low-income populations.
C. The nurse performs an in-service on basic hospital equipment for student nurses.
D. The nurse compiles nursing articles on evidence-based practices in nursing to
present at a hospital training seminar. - Answer: B
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 is a comprehensive health promotion and disease
prevention agenda that is working toward improving the quantity and quality of life
for all Americans. Overarching goals are to eliminate preventable disease, disability,
injury, and premature death; achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and
improve the health of all groups; create physical and social environments that
promote good health; and promote healthy development and behaviors across
every stage of life. Volunteering at a local health care clinic directly reflects the goal
of improving the health of all groups of people. Signing up for classes, performing
in-services on equipment, and compiling nursing articles on evidence-based
practices in nursing are all worthwhile activities that foster health care delivery, but
are not as directly linked to the agenda of promoting health in the community.
