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CHEM 120 Final Exam Review/104 Questions and Answers
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CHEM 120 Final Exam Review/104Questions and Answers
significant figures - -a digit that is either reliably known or closely estimated
-Significant Figure Rules - -1. All non-zero digits are always significant
2. Zeroes between non-zero digits are always significant
3. Zeroes to left of first non-zero digit (either before or after decimal point)
are never significant
4. Zeroes to the right of last non-zero digit
a. after decimal point are always significant
b. which are before decimal point are not significant
-conversion factor - -relationship between two quantities expressed as a
fraction
-dimensional analysis - -conversion of a measurement in one unit into
another by the use of conversion factors
-True - -T/F: number of protons never changes according to periodic table
-number of protons - -atomic number=_______________________
-number of neutrons - -mass number=_______________________
-isotopes - -atoms with same number of protons (same electron) but
different number of neutrons
-atomic mass - -weighted average of the isotopic masses of all stable
isotopes of an element
-compound - -substance composed of 2+ elements that are chemically
combined
-molecular compound - -compound in which atoms are held together by
covalent bonds
-ionic bond - -nonmetal and metal (giving away of electrons by one and
receiving by the other); electrostatic interactions between positive and
negative ions
-covalent bond - -2 nonmetals (sharing of bonds); the sharing of electrons
between two atoms
, -ion - -atom that has an electrostatic charge
-cation - -positively charged atom
-anion - -negatively charged atom
-formula unit - -simplest whole number ratio of ions in ionic compound
-polyatomic ion - -groups of covalently-bonded atoms that have an overall
charge
-physical change - -change in a substance that does not change its
composition
-extensive physical properties - -properties that depend on the amount of
matter present (ex-mass, volume)
-intensive physical properties - -properties that do not depend on the
amount of matter present (ex-color, clarity, physical state, melting/boiling
points, density)
-chemical change - -the transformation of a substance into a different
substance
(ex-rusting iron, burning coal, baking soda reacting with vinegar
-density - -the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume D=m/V
-mixture - -2 or more substances which are physically combined
-heterogeneous mixture - -non-uniform mixture containing two or more
phases with definite boundaries between them
-homogeneous mixture - -uniform mixture which contains only one phase
-solution - -another word for homogeneous mixture, but usually refers to a
liquid mixture
-compound mixtures - -The following are characteristics of:
-pure substance
-2+ elements chemically combined
-final compound does NOT have properties of original
-cannot be separated by physical methods
-homogeneous mixtures - --NOT pure substance
-2+ substances physically combined
-final mix has the properties of each of the components that make it up
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