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AP Biology Final Exam Review (Answered) 224 Questions and Correct Answers, Updated Fall 2024/2025. $11.99   Add to cart
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AP Biology Final Exam Review (Answered) 224 Questions and Correct Answers, Updated Fall 2024/2025.
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AP Biology Final Exam Review (Answered) 224 Questions and Correct Answers, Updated Fall 2024/2025.

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  • August 26, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • ap biology final exam review answered 224 questi

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AP Biology Final Exam Review
(Answered) 224 Questions and Correct
Answers, Updated Fall 2024/2025.
emergent properties

new properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement
and interactions of parts as complexity increases

negative feedback

a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus

positive feedback

a physiological control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the
change

inductive reasoning

reasoning based on observed patterns

polymer

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

hydrolysis

a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking
up the elements of water

enzyme

protein that acts as a biological catalyst

phospholipids

a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic
head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail

cellular respiration

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of
oxygen

phosphorylation

the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on
ATP energizing other molecules by phosphorylation

,chemiosmosis

a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase
enzyme.

fermentation

the process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen

gametes

reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells

meiosis

a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original
number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells

somatic cell

cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except gametes

crossing over

the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis

transcription

process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in
mRNA

codons

a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination
signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.

RNA splicing

process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined
together

mutations

random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all
genetic diversity

repetitive DNA

nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome.

transposons

small mobile DNA segments

homeobox

, one of various similar homeotic genes that are involved in bodily segmentation during embryonic
development

genome project

Research and technology development effort aimed at mapping and sequencing some or all of the
genome of human beings and other organisms

adaptations

the behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environments

natural selection

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most
successfully

vestigial structures

remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear
function in the modern species

convergent evolution

process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar
environments

protists

single-celled or simple multicellular eukaryotic organisms that generally do not fit in any other kingdom

diatoms

unicellular algae that have a unique glass-like wall made of hydrated silica embedded in an organic
matrix

ciliates

a group of protozoans that move by waving tiny, hair-like organelles called cilia

amoeba

A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence of pseudopodia

gastrula

an embryonic stage in animal development encompassing the formation of three layers: ectoderm,
mesoderm, and endoderm

cephalization

the concentration of nerve tissue and sensory organs at the anterior end of an organism

symmetry

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