Class notes
Introduction to Psychology Notes
- Course
- Institution
Introduction to Psychology complete notes for first year college students.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
kristeljoyce
Content preview
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGYMR. ELFIE SAMANIEGO
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - MOA
Date started: August 27, 2023 - 1st Term
Prepared by: Kristel Joyce C. | PSY 236 | B5 size
Goals of Psychology as a Science
Describe
Nature and Scope of Psychology
● Via the scientific process.
Psychology ● Using valid and reliable psychological tests
● Came from Greek word “logos” meaning Explain
science or study and,
● “Psyche” meaning mind or soul. – minds:
● Individual differences.
something that cannot be seen; soul: “can we ● “Why” of the behavior.
study soul?”
● Scientific study of behavior. – mind = behavior Control
● Has its roots in the philosophy and natural ● Controlling negative and maladaptive
sciences. behavior.
Behavior Predict
● Any response or reaction to a stimulus. – ● To attain order and to avoid negative
trigger. undesirable consequences.
Philosophical Roots Psychology in Different Perspectives
➢ Biological Body
Ancient Greece
➢ Psychodynamic Freud (??)
● 4th and 5th century BC Greek philosophers
made assumption about the nature of man, ➢ Behavioral Behaviors
his personality, and behavior. ➢ Cognitive Thinking
Rene Descartes ➢ Phenomenological Where we are situated in.
● Said that mind and body are separate.
Timeline of Classic Perspectives
● Focus is on the mind.
● “I think therefore, I am.” Structuralism
● Focuses on breaking things down to their
Roots in Natural Science smallest parts.
● Examines capabilities of different parts of the
mind.
● Uses introspection to study feelings and
sensations.
● Identified by Edward B. Titchener.
Functionalism
● Focuses on how the mind allows people to
adapt, live, work, and play.
● Focused on the purpose of consciousness
and behavior.
Figure 1.1: Wilhelm Wundt
● Examines how the mind functions in
Wilhem Wundt different environments.
● German Philosopher-Physician ● Uses objective techniques to explore
● Stablished the first psychology laboratory. memories and emotions.
● Birth of psychology as a science. Gestalt Psychology
● He aimed to study the building blocks of the ● Holism.
mind.
● Gestalt meaning “good figure.”
● Considered psychology to be the study of
● Focuses on sensation and perception.
conscious experience.
● Max Wertheimer.
Natural Science Social Science ● Cognitive Psychology. – a field focusing on
Psychopharmacology Social Psychology perception learning, memory, thought
process, and problem solving.
Psychoneuroimmunology Developmental Psychology
● Looks at the human mind and behavior as a
Behavioral Neuroscience Industrial-Org Psychology whole.
Psychoneuroendocrinology Educational Psychology
1 I INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
, INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
MR. ELFIE SAMANIEGO
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - MOA
Date started: August 27, 2023 - 1st Term
Prepared by: Kristel Joyce C. | PSY 236 | B5 size
Timeline of Classic Perspectives Modern Perspectives
Psychoanalysis Phenomenological Perspective
● Focuses on the unconscious. ● Looks at man as a rational being with
intellect and will,
● Based on the work of Sigmund Freud.
● Foundation for the psychodynamic
● An individual with different needs and
motives, and
perspective.
● A being with past experiences influencing his
view of self and actions.
● Different individuals view the world differently.
Specialized Areas in Psychology
Clinical Psychology
● Clinical assessments, current treatment of
mental disorders with the use of psychological
methods.
Counseling Psychology
● Normal or moderate mal-adjustment.
School Psychology
Figure 1.2: Psychoanalysis ● Educators to promote intellectual, work with
educators to social, and emotional growth of
Behaviorism school-ages children.
● Focuses on observable behavior only.
● Proposed by John B. Watson.
Educational Psychology
● Based on Ivan Pavlov who demonstrated that ● Teaching-learning situation and conduction
a reflex could be conditioned (learned). studies for improvement of measurement and
evaluation and educational programs.
● Behavior is the basic data of scientific
psychology. Industrial/Organizational Psychology
● Objective study of habits formed via stimulus- ● Normal or moderate mal-adjustment.
response interactions.
Health Psychology
Modern Perspectives
● Interrelationship of mind, body behavior, and
Biological Perspective health.
● Brain and nervous system. Biopsychology
● All psychological events can be related to the
activity of the brain and nervous system.
● Scientific study of biological bases of behavior.
● Neurotransmitters. – body’s chemical Cognitive Psychology
messengers.
● Exploration of mental processes, learning,
Psychodynamic Perspective memory, thought, ideas, beliefs.
● Foundation is Psychoanalysis Forensic Psychology
● More focused on the development of sense ● Relationship of psychology and the law;
of self and the discovery of other motivations specialty area of clinical psychology.
behind a person’s behavior than sexual
motivations. Neuro Psychology
● Events in childhood have great influence on ● Relationship of brain functioning and behavior,
our adult lives, shaping our personality. psychological effect of brain damage and its
psychological intervention.
Cognitive Perspective
● Examines how we understand and think Social Psychology
about the world. ● Behavior of man in his/her interactions with
● Cognition: process of thinking. others considering his/her perceptions,
● Focuses on memory, attention, thoughts, attitudes, values, and traits.
ideas, belief.
2 I INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
, INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
MR. ELFIE SAMANIEGO
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - MOA
Date started: August 27, 2023 - 1st Term
Prepared by: Kristel Joyce C. | PSY 236 | B5 size
Specialized Areas in Psychology
Developmental Psychology Biological Bases of Behavior
● Principles of development applied to person’s Neurons
physical, social, cognitive, emotional aspects
from birth to old age. ● Also called Nerve Cells
● Receive and transmit signals.
Peace Psychology
● Study of psychological aspects of violence, Main Parts:
social inequalities, peacemaking, and pursuit Nerve cell body Rounded part; nucleus.
of social justice. Dendrites Tiny branches; antennae pick up signals.
Axon Long fiber with Myelin Sheat which
Sports Psychology
speeds travel of signals.
● Application of psychological theories and
principles for enhancement of athlete’s Nervous System
performance.
● Complex neural network carrying information
Experimental Psychology throughout the body.
● Use of experimental designs in establishing Central Nervous Brain and spinal cord.
causal relationship between independent and System Spinal Cord: primary means
dependent variables. transmitting messages between
Cross-cultural Psychology brain and body.
Peripheral Neurons with long axons and
● How different cultures affect behavior.
Nervous system dendrites.
Ecological/Environmental Psychology From spinal cord and brain to
extremities of the body.
● Influences of environment on behavior.
Consumer Psychology
● Address the need satisfaction of consumers.
Engineering Psychology
● Relationship of man with machine and devices
harmonious for better work performance.
Figure 2.1: Central Nervous System
The Brain
Methods of Studying the Brain
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
● Record electrical activity of the brain.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
● Biochemical activity with the brain.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
● Detailed, 3D images of the brain.
3 I INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kristeljoyce. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now