BBH 311 Exam 4 Study Set with Questions and Answers
7 views 0 purchase
Course
BBH 311
Institution
BBH 311
Biomarker objective indicators of medical state
symptom patients perceive about themselves
WHO biomakrer any measurement reflecting an interaction between a biological system and a potential hazard, which may by chemical, physical or biological. The measured response may be functional and physiol...
BBH 311 Exam 4 Study Set with
Questions and Answers
Biomarker ✅objective indicators of medical state
symptom ✅patients perceive about themselves
WHO biomakrer ✅any measurement reflecting an interaction between a biological
system and a potential hazard, which may by chemical, physical or biological. The
measured response may be functional and physiological and biochemical at the cellular
level or molecular interaction
Exampleof biomarkers ✅Blood pressure
Heart Rate
Glucose Index
Body mass index
salivary cortisol
pulse oxygen
Biomarkers vs clinical endpoints ✅Biomarker:
- objective, quantifiable characteristics of biological processes
dont necessarily correlate with patients experience or perception
-implications: Measurable biological indicators that are undetectable or vary widely
without effect on health
-potential to be unhelpful as reliable predictors of disease presence or absence
Clinical endpoints:
- variables that reflect how a patient feels, functions or survives
- represent patient/participation health and well being from their perspective
relevance to medical research ✅- depends on the goal
- improve morbidity and mortality = clinical endpoints more relevant than biomarker
changes with no clear clinical outcomes
- Not all clinical endpoints are created equal
Biomarkers as surrogate clinical endpoints ✅- Act as surrogates from meaningful
endpoints
- Not all biomarkers are created equal
- There must be a solid, scientific evidence indicating that biomarker reliably and
accurately predicts clinical outcome (positive or negative)
- Dont mistake correlation with causation
(multiple disease pathways may be involved -> biomarker may be indirect sign of
pathway that isn't part of disease process
, Advantages to using biomarkers as surrogate endpoints ✅- provide interim information
about safety and efficacy of treatment without waiting for poor clinical outcomes
- allow researcher to design smaller studies, which shortens time and expense to run
trials
Proceed with causion ✅Assumption: Biomarkers developed with success for one
clinical endpoint translates broadly into other context
Result: Can lead to flawed research conclusions▪Example: Arrhythmia suppression as
biomarker for reduced morbidity in cardiovascular disease development of several anti-
arrhythmia drugs▪Eventually learned these drugs increased mortality in certain
populations not originally tested
Biobehavioral Health ✅Designed to integrate biological, behavioral, psychological,
socio-cultural, and environmental approaches to the study of the science behind health
Transdisciplinary research ✅Transcending disciplinary boundaries
Medieval University ✅Disciplines rich history in university and academic settings -
>Trivium (place where three roads meet) ->QuadriviumArithmetic (math)Geometry
(numbers in space)Astronomy (numbers in space and time)Trivium and Quadrivium 7
liberal arts of anciet Green and Rome
Enlightenment Period ✅Emergence of "polymath" scholars Spanned multiple
disciplines"Renaissance men"Da Vinci (1452-1519)Bacon (1561-1626)Descartes
(1596-1650)Expansive knowledge of science, philosophy, theology
Modern Universities ✅House multiple disciplines
Broad range of categories
Humanities (e.g., history, languages, visual arts, religion)
Social sciences (e.g., anthropology, psychology, sociology)
Natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, space sciences)
Formal sciences (e.g., mathematics, systems science, computer science)
Professions and applied sciences (e.g., architecture, engineering, forestry, library and
museum sciences)
Working Side-By-Side ✅Disciplines were merging to create new scientific fields
Bioinformatics
Nanotechnology
Biobehavioral health
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
