BBH 311 Exam 4 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BBH 311
Institution
BBH 311
Biomarker Objective indicators of medical state- observed outside patient
Medical sign objective indication of some medical fact or characteristic that may be detected by a physician during a physical examination
Symptoms Patients perceive about themselves
WHO biomarker definition Any measuremen...
BBH 311 Exam 4 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
Biomarker ✅Objective indicators of medical state- observed outside patient
Medical sign ✅objective indication of some medical fact or characteristic that may be
detected by a physician during a physical examination
Symptoms ✅Patients perceive about themselves
WHO biomarker definition ✅Any measurement reflecting an interaction between a
biological system and a potential hazard which may be chemical physical or biological.
The measured response may be functional and psychological, biochemical at the
cellular level or a molecular interaction
Examples of biomarkers ✅Salivary cortisol
Body mass index
Activity monitor
Blood pressure
Glucose testing
Pulse oxygen
Heart rate
Clinical endpoints ✅variables that reflect how a patient (or study participant) feels,
functions or survives. Represent patient health and well being from their perspective
Biomarkers ✅-objective, quantifiable characteristics of biological processes
-Do not necessarily correlate with patients experience or perception of well being
-measurable biological indicators that are undetectable or vary widely without effect on
health
-potential to be unhelpful as a reliable predictor of disease presence or absence
Are biomarkers or clinical endpoints more relevant to biomedical and clinical research
✅Depends on goals. Improve morbidity and mortality—clinical endpoints are more
relevant than biomarker changes with no clear clinical outcomes but not all clinical
endpoints are made equal
There must be solid scientific evidence indicating that biomarker reliably and
accidentally predicts clinical outcomes....... ✅Positive or negative
Correlation vs. Causation ✅correlation does not equal causation
, Don't mistake causation with correlation. Multiple disease pathways must be involved,
biomarker.... ✅May be indirect sign of pathway that isn't part of disease process
Using biomarkers as surrogate endpoints provide interim information about... ✅Safety
and efficacy of treatment without waiting for poor clinical outcomes
Using biomarkers as surrogate endpoints allows researchers to design.... ✅Smaller
studies which shortens time and expense to run trials
Three possible endpoints of biomarkers of health ✅-better understanding of
physiological processes
-pathology of disease states
-effects of an intervention on these processes
Reliability ✅consistency of measurement
Accuracy ✅how close a measurement is to the true value
BBH ✅Designed to integrate biological behavioral psychological socio-cultural and
environmental approaches to the study of science behind health
Social sciences ✅Anthropology psychology sociology
Natural sciences ✅Biology chemistry space science
Formal sciences ✅Mathematics system science computer science
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