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NSC 3361 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers

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NSC 3361 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Stages of Neural Development - Answer-1. Neurogenesis 2. Cell Migration 3. Differentiation 4. Synaptogenesis 5. Neuronal cell death 6. Synapse rearrangement Neurogenesis - Answer-mitosis produces neurons Problems: microcephaly Cell migra...

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  • August 25, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • NSC 3361
  • NSC 3361
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NSC 3361 Exam 1 Questions with
Correct Answers

Stages of Neural Development - Answer-1. Neurogenesis
2. Cell Migration
3. Differentiation
4. Synaptogenesis
5. Neuronal cell death
6. Synapse rearrangement

Neurogenesis - Answer-mitosis produces neurons
Problems: microcephaly

Cell migration - Answer-cells move to final locatin. Double band cortex occurs if cell
migration doesn't happen correctly
Problems: genetic disease

Differentiation - Answer-cells become distinctive neurons/glial cell
Problems: Astrocytoma

Synaptogenesis - Answer-establishment of synaptic connections
Problems: Autism

Neuronal cell death - Answer-selective death of some nerve cells
Problems: Fragile X syndrome (neurons unable to be pruned off -> enlarged head)

Synapse rearrangement - Answer-loss/growth of synapses, fine-tuning
-only life long process, other 5 stages only occur in womb

Neurogenesis (analogy) - Answer-Need bricks, *brick factory* to make all of these
bricks for a house.

Cell Migration (analogy) - Answer-After bricks are made, need to be shipped to where
they will be built

Differentiation (analogy) - Answer-Sorting out what building supplies go where and what
their function will be

Synaptogenesis (analogy) - Answer-put bricks together end to end in right order to form
wall. Establishing connection here

,Neuronal cell death (analogy) - Answer-Now have walls but need doors & windows,
need to knock out sections of brick for this
-selective death of neurons

Synapse rearrangement (analogy) - Answer-Finally house is going to be
remodeled/added to over the years
-fine tuning & lifelong in brain

Neuron doctrine - Answer-1. Brain composed of independent cells
2. Signal transmitted from cell to cell across gaps (synapses)
3. Santiago Ramón y Cajal proposed neuron doctrine
-used Golgi's cell staining method

Neurons by anatomy - Answer-BUM
1. Bipolar
2. Unipolar
3. Multipolar

Neurons by function - Answer-SIM
1. Sensory
2. Interneurons
3. Motoneurons

Unipolar neurons - Answer-transfer electrical impulses fastest & at greatest distances
-receptive pole & output zone
-sensory nervous system
EX: Pain

Bipolar neurons - Answer-2 extension of one axon & 1 dendrite
-neurons primarily found in retina of eyes
-rare
Function: sensory

Multipolar neurons - Answer-1 axon, many different dendrites
-most numerous neuron
-Function: motor & interneurons

Flow of info thru neuron - Answer-iieChO
1. input zone
2. integration zone
3. conduction zone
4. output zone

Input zone - Answer-FLOW OF INFO THRU NEURON
*DENDRITES*

, where info 1st received to neurons thru dendrites

Integration zone - Answer-FLOW OF INFO THRU NEURON
*AXON HILLOCK*
where info is compiled & transmitted thru axon

conduction zone - Answer-FLOW OF INFO THRU NEURON
*AXON*
path of which info is transmitted thru axon

output zone - Answer-FLOW OF INFO THRU NEURON
*TERMINALS*
where info is transferred to other cells

dendrites - Answer-BEGINNING of neuron
-CONVERGE to make 1 signal

cell body - Answer-integrates incoming signals & generates outgoing signal to axon

axon - Answer-passes electrical signals to dendrites of another cell or to an effector cell
-thicker = faster
-1 axon/neuron

glial cells - Answer-Different types
1. astrocytes
2. microglia
3. ependymal
4. oligodendryocytes

astrocytes - Answer-GLIAL CELL
supportive cells in brain that fills in spaces
-store, absorb, release chemicals
-most numerous glial cell in CNS

microglia - Answer-GLIAL CELL
clean up dying neurons & glia
-PHAGOCYTES
-brain & spinal cord only

ependymal cells - Answer-GLIAL CELL
PHASE 1: *guiding* embryonic cells during development
PHASE 2: *lining ventricles* & secreting CSF
-VENTRICULAR SYSTEM

oligodendryocytes - Answer-GLIAL CELL
Wraps around many axons in order to coat them with myelin sheaths in CNS

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