christian sect unique to lebanon; in b/t orthodox and western christianity; aligned recently
w/ roman catholic church
colonized by french in the 1800s through a 30-year, bloody process; settler colony;
animosity b/t settlers who were favored by the french, and the indigenous peoples; french
fought to keep them during 1954 rev'n b/c of all the settlers
overthrows bourguibi in a coup in 1987 in tunisia; kickstarts economy; initially talked about
political liberalization but instead just became increasingly repressive in early '90s when
radical islamism emerges; basically a dictator from early 90s-2010; immediately flees in
2010 to saudi arabia when arab spring/anti-regime demonstrations emerge
wasn't even any sort of political entity until mid '90s; still not a state; in the mid-late '60s,
lots of guerrilla/political/terrorist organizations emerged in their territory, in addition to the
PLO
Definition 2 of 83
was a likud party leader from 2001-5, left to create his own centrist party called Kadima
benjamin netanyahu
israeli arabs
supreme leader
ariel sharon
,Definition 3 of 83
radical islamist party that emerges in Algeria in late 80s; becomes clear to FLN that this party will
win first parliamentary elections in 91, so the army/FLN stops the elections, seizes power, and
arrests party leaders; ultimately leads to brutal civil war
Yisrael Beiteinu
FLN
FIS
Tzipi Livni
Definition 4 of 83
takes over iraqi government in a coup in 1958, kills royal family; tries to implement RAN goals;
originally a RAN military officer; tortured many people during his five years in office; didn't join
UAR b/c feared Egyptian domination; assassinated in '63
habibi bourguiba
governmental paralysis
abdel karim Qassem
Bashar Assad
Definition 5 of 83
basically in israel if you are this, you are modern or ultra-orthodox; mostly of sephardic and
mizrahi descent; maintain kosher dietary restrictions, observe the sabbath, etc
observant jews
dawa party
palestine
abdel karim Qassem
,Definition 6 of 83
not even a cleric but elected pres of iran in 2005; very radical, antagonized the US; sets iran back
in a radical direction from '05-'13
Chadli Benjedid
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ahmad ben Bella
Saddam Hussein
Definition 7 of 83
political group predating creation of Israel; predecessor to Likud party; key player and current
PM is Benjamin Netanyahu; known initially as the 'revisionists' b/c they wanted to revise the
already dominant social democratic approach; attracted christian democrats and militant types;
wanted free market economy at the start; now focused on anti-palestinian progams
ben ali
abdel karim Qassem
israeli rightists
observant jews
Definition 8 of 83
FIS did not form a militia so many members formed their own radical islamist cells to fight back
against the FLN; forced many moderate Islamists to radicalize; state army eventually wins in '02,
and opponents flee to the Sahara; FLN has won every election since and forced all opponents to
comply to avoid arrest
Algerian civil war
islamic republican party
Nouri al-Maliki
Tzipi Livni
, Term 9 of 83
Lebanese speaker of the house
basically unlimited power, nominal oversight exercised over him by assembly of experts;
iran
shi'a
coups d'état in '60, '71, '80; suppression of Kurdish uprising in '84-'99; pressure on Islamist
PM to resign in '97
initially 6:5 christians:muslim, but now 5:5
Definition 10 of 83
seizes power in Libya in 1969; implements Nasser-like regime at the beginning; becomes
increasing radical in the 70s-80s until it comes to a peak in the late 80s when he bombs two
french & American civilian aircrafts; leads to massive sanction on libya by the UN and crazy
economic stagnation until 2000 when he finally agrees to terms set by US resolution; triggers
movement towards more moderate phase of last 10 years in power; eventually agrees to work w/
US v. terrorism; killed by rebel groups in 2011
FATAH
Qaddafi
Algeria
ben ali
Definition 11 of 83
coups d'état in '60, '71, '80; suppression of Kurdish uprising in '84-'99; pressure on Islamist PM to
resign in '97
Turkish military intervention in politics
supreme leader
Turkish tinkering w/ democratic institutions
hashemite
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