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RHSC 420 Midterm Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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RHSC 420 Midterm Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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RHSC 420 Midterm Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
What is the corticospinal tract responsible for? - Voluntary motor activity (descending)
Where do the fibers of the of the lateral corticospinal tract cross the midline? - At the pyramidal
decussation in the caudal medulla
What are the bundles of fibers that connect the brain stem and the cerebellum? - The cerebellar
peduncles located in the pons (inferior, middle, and superior)
What is the pontine nuclei? - The nuclei of the brain stem involved in motor activity (associated with the
corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts)
When looking at a cross section of the brain stem, what feature can be used as a landmark for the
midbrain? - The paired red nuclei (involved in motor coordination)
Which cranial nerves are purely sensory? - I, II, VIII
Which cranial nerves are purely motor? - III, IV, VI, XI, XII
Which motor nerves are mixed? - V, VII, IX, X
Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge from? - The mid pons
Where does the opthalmic division of trigeminal exit the skull? - Through the superior orbital fissure
Where does the maxillary division of trigeminal exit the skull? - Through the foramen rotundum
Where does the mandibular division of trigeminal exit the skull? - Foramen ovale
,Where does motor innervation for the muscles of mastication come from (be specific)? - The mandibular
division of trigeminal
What 5 types of information are carried by all three divisions of trigeminal? - Pain
Temperature
Discriminative touch
Vibration
Proprioception
Where do the fibers of trigeminal cross over? - In the brain stem
What nucleus of CN V is associated with pain and temperature? - The spinal trigeminal tract nucleus
Which nucleus of CN V is associated with discriminative touch and vibration? - The chief nucleus of V
What special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers are carried by CN V? - Motor innervation to the muscles of
mastication (recall that the head does not develop embryologically from somites)
Where is the chief nucleus of V located within the mid pons? - On either side of the ventricle, anterior
and slightly lateral to the two darker hamburger shaped structures
How does information (discriminative touch and vibration) from the chief sensory nucleus of V reach the
VPM of the thalamus? - Through the trigeminal lemniscus
How does information (pain and temperature) from the spinal nucleus of CN V reach the VPM of the
thalamus? - Through the trigeminothalamic tract
What type of fibers are associated with the alar plate? - Afferent (all four kinds)
What type of fibers are associated with the basal plate? - Efferent (all three kinds)
, What afferents are carried by CN VII? - General somatic afferent (GSA) from the skin behind the ear
Special visceral afferent (SVA), taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
What efferents are carried by CN VII? - Special visceral efferents (SVE) to the muscles of facial expression
General visceral efferents (GVE) to the sublingual/submandibular glands and the lacrimal gland
Where do the LMN's for the upper face receive innervation from? - Bilaterally from both sides of the
cortex (redundant innervation)
Where do the LMN's for the lower face receive innervation from? - Unilaterally from the contralateral
side of the cortex
What are the symptoms of an upper motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve (motor)? - Innervation to
the lower face on the contralateral side is lost, but the upper face would remain intact because of the
bilateral innervation
What are the symptoms of a lower motor neuron lesion to the facial nerve (motor)? - Loss of
innervation to both the upper and lower face (secondary neurons, running together are damaged)
What is neurulation? - When the neural tube starts to close and neural cells migrate away from neural
crest
What is one factor that may contribute to neural tube defects? - Folic acid deficiency
What is a ganglion? - a collection of cell bodies outside the CNS (the DRG sensory cell bodies for
example)
What type of information do general somatic afferent fibers carry? - discriminative touch,
proprioception, pain, temperature from skin, joints, and muscles
What type of information is carried by general visceral afferents? - sensation from the viscera
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