RHSC 420 Final Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%
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T/F - the image from our visual field and inverted and reversed on the retina. - TRUE
What are the three layers of the eye? - retina, choroid, sclera
What is the difference between the fovea and the macula? - Fovea: area of highest visual acuity with
tightly packed cones
Macula: circular area surrounding the fovea
What is the order of cells from when the light hits the eye to the pigment epithelium? - 1. ganglion cells -
make up optic nerve
2. amarcrine cells
3. bipolar cells
4. horizontal cells
5. rods
6. cones
What makes up the inner and outer segment of rods?
What time of day are these best for?
What are rods better at than cones? - Inner: contains the cell nucleus and mitochondria
Outer: contains the discs that contain light-sensitive rhodopsin (absorbs green/blue light)
Dusk and nighttime
Better for movement
What makes up the inner and outer segments of cones?
What are cones better for than rods? - Inner: contains the cell nucleus and mitochondria
Outer: contains the discs that contain light-sensitive iodopsin (absorbs red, green and blue light)
,Better visual acuity
T/F - we have more cones than rods. - FALSE - we have more rods than cones
T/F - the fovea only contains cones. - TRUE
From the optic nerve to the back of the brain, what is the order of the visual pathway in the brain? (5) -
1. optic nerve
2. optic chiasm
3. optic tract
4. lateral geniculate nucleus (in the thalamus)
5. optic radiation
Draw out the visual pathway. - -
Where is the primary visual cortex? - occipital lobe
Fill in the blanks:
The _________ visual field projects to the lower retina.
The __________ visual field projects to the fovea.
The __________ visual field projects to the upper retina. - Upper
Middle
Lower
The fibres from the lower visual field project from the _______ through the _______ lobe to the primary
visual cortex. - lateral geniculate nucleus, through the parietal lobe
The fibres from the upper visual field project from the _____ through the ______ lobe to the primary
visual cortex. - LGN, temporal lobe
, The fibres from the middle visual field project from the ______ through the ________ lobes to the most
posterior part of the primary visual cortex. - LGN, parietal and temporal lobes
After leaving the primary visual cortex, visual things need further processing. What is the dorsal
stream/parietal lobe responsible for? - Attention and spatial awareness
Where and how
After leaving the primary visual cortex, visual things need further processing. What is the ventral
stream/temporal lobe responsible for? - Object recognition
The what
What are the 6 muscles of the eye? - 4 rectus, 2 oblique
Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
What nerve supplies each of the 6 muscles of the eye? - Superior rectus: Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
Lateral rectus: Abducens nerve (CN 6)
Medial rectus: Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
Inferior rectus: Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
Superior oblique: Trochlear nerve (CN 4)
Inferior oblique: Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
Where is the vertical gaze centre? - Reticular formation and pretectal area in the midbrain
Where is the horizontal gaze centre? - In the pons reticular formation
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