light or electron - the ultimate goal of sample preparation is to enable the transmission of a _____ beam
through the tissue (sample) to produce a visible image
requirements of sample preparation - - preparing the tissue for examination
- slicing of the tissue into thin sections
- attaching the tissue to either a glass slide (LM) or to a wire grid (TEM)
fixation - step of tissue preparation that aims to avoid autolysis or degradation of the tissue by bacteria
and to preserve the structure and molecular composition of the tissue
, chemical solutions that stabilize the tissue - requirements for fixation --> LM uses formaldehyde and
TEM uses glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide
dehydration - step of tissue processing that aims to extract water from fixed tissue fragments by
successively bathing them in a graded series of ethanol and water mixtures, ultimately to pure ethanol
clearing - step of tissue processing that aims to make the tissue sample transparent by replacing the
ethanol with a solvent miscible with the embedding medium (like xylene)
embedding - step of tissue processing that aims to embed (enclose) the tissue in a hard mold for easy
cutting --> can use either paraffin wax or epoxy resin
sectioning - step of tissue processing that aims to slice the embedded tissue using either a microtome
(for LM) or an ultramicrotome (for TEM)
formaldehyde - chemical solution that is used to stabilize tissues for light microscopes (LM) --> reacts
with amine groups
amine groups - formaldehyde (used for LM) reacts with ______ in tissue samples
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