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NCE {874} EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NCE {874} EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIEDANSWERSERS 2024-2025
ANSWER: Experimental research is the process of collecting data to make
evaluative comparisons between different contexts.
Experiment - ANSWER Experiments are the most valuable sort of study since they
are used to discover cause-and-effect relationships.
How many individual volunteers are required to run a "true" experiment? -
ANSWER A "true" experiment requires 30 individual participants.
How many individual participants are required to do correlational research? -
ANSWER: A correlational study requires 30 subjects per variable.
A quasi-experiment uses PRE-EXISTING groups, thus the independent variable
(IV) cannot be changed (e.g., gender or ethnicity), hence it is impossible to
conclude with statistical certainty that the IV caused the dependent variable (DV).
What kind of experiment is correlational research, and what does it reveal about
cause and effect? - ANSWER Correlational research is a quasi-experimental
method that does not produce cause-effect results.
What do correlational studies reveal about the relationships between variables? -
ANSWER Because correlational research is quasi-experimental, it simply reveals a
positive or negative association between variables and does not provide
cause-and-effect information.
ANSWER Parsimony (also known as Occam's Razor) is the practice of interpreting
results in the simplest way possible.
,ANSWER Occam's Razor (also known as Parsimony) is the practice of interpreting
results in the simplest possible ways.
Ex post facto study is a form of quasi-experiment (literally means 'after the fact')
that refers to a correlational study in which previous groups are exploited.
ANSWER: The independent variable is the variable that the researcher
manipulates, controls, changes, or intends to experiment with. Memory Device: 'I'
manipulates the IV, or a hospital patient receives treatment from an IV.
The dependent variable - ANSWER expresses the outcome or data about the
components that one wishes to measure. Memory Device: 'D' in dependent refers to
'D' in data.
ANSWER Validity is the level or degree to which an
idea/conclusion/measurement/score/study is well-founded, measures what it claims
to measure, matches properly to the real world, and answers the questions it is
designed to answer. In Latin, 'valid' means robust and equal.
Internal validity 'in experiments' relates to whether the dependent variables, 'DVs',
and the data were actually influenced by the experimental independent variables,
'IVs', treatment, or if other factors influenced the results.
What are some examples of "Threats to Internal Validity"? - ANSWER Examples
of risks to 'internal validity' or things that limit tx's impact on data include 1.
Subject maturation, psychological and bodily changes, such as tiredness owing to
the length of time required, 2. 'Mortality' subjects retreat, 3. Instruments used to
assess behavior or traits, or 4. "Statistical regression" refers to the idea that if
exceptionally high or low scores are used repeatedly, they will shift toward the
mean.
,External validity - ANSWER 'External validity', often known as "outside of
experiment," refers to whether experimental study findings may be generalized to
broader populations, such as other people, locations, or conditions. If the study's
findings solely apply to the study's population, the external validity is low.
ANSWER: Causal comparative design is a legitimate experiment that does not
include random assignment. Data from the causal comparative ex post factor 'after
the fact' design can be examined using a significance test, t test, or ANOVA,
exactly like in a true experiment.
Factor Analysis - ANSWER Factor Analysis is Statistical process to summarize
MANY variables, e.g. A test testing a counselor's skill may attempt to describe
three key variables that comprise a good helper, despite the fact that hundreds exist.
ANSWER Chi-Square is employed for 'non-parametric' data, e.g. cannot be
displayed on an x-y axis, statistical metric that determines if a distribution deviates
considerably from an expected theoretical distribution of scores. (Memory: ''chi'
like 'chi-a pet', which I expected more from)
Occam's Razor (also known as Lloyd Morgan's 1894 Canon) proposes that
experimenters interpret their results in the simplest possible way.
Occam's Razor, often known as "parsimony," is named after William of Occam, a
14th-century philosopher and theologian.
Bubbles in research are considered faults.
, ANSWER: Confounded or faulty variables are unwanted variables that invalidate
investigations.
Nondirective is to person-centered what parsimony is to _____________ -
ANSWER Occam's Razor.
Most counselors consider themselves practitioners, not researchers. - ANSWER...
Confounding - ANSWER Confounding occurs when an undesired variable (also
called as a contaminating variable) that the researcher does not control is
introduced into the experiment.
An experiment is confounded when unwanted variables are not excluded from the
experiment.
ANSWER Basic research is undertaken to improve our understanding of theory.
Applied Research - ANSWER Applied research, also known as 'action research' or
experience-near research, is performed to increase our understanding of how
theories, skills, and processes can be applied in practice.
In experimental language, IV stands for the independent variable, and DV stands
for the dependent variable. - ANSWER
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