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SWS3022 Soil Taxonomy | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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SWS3022 Soil Taxonomy | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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SWS3022 Soil Taxonomy | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
What are the Soil Master Horizons? - O
A
E
B
C
R
The O MASTER HORIZON - Greater than 20% OM
Organic horizon formed above the mineral soil.
Derived from decomposition of plant and animal residues
Range in thickness from absent to meters thick.
The A MASTER HORIZON - Topmost MINERAL horizon (topsoil)
Subject to significant weathering
Zone of gas and water exchange
High in plant roots, biotic activity
Cycling of carbon and nutrients
Accumulates OM
,Typically darker than soil below
The E MASTER HORIZON - Zone of ELUVIATION
E = eluviation = exit
Maximum losses by translocation
1. OM
2. Clays
3. Carbonates
4. Fe/Al oxides
5. Light-colored
6. Contains quartz (resistant primary minerals)
The B MASTER HORIZON - Accumulates material lost from above, or forms in place. (translocation,
transformation)
Zone of ILLIVIATION = additions
The subordinate horizon indicates WHAT is accumulating
1. OM
2. Clays
3. Salts
4. Fe/Al oxides
5. high reactivity
6. color
7. concentration of secondary minerals/OM
, B Master Horizon SUBORDINATE DISTINCTIONS - Bt = accumulation of silicate clays
Bh = accumulation of OM (spodic horizons)
Bw = early stages of soil development; weakly developed
Btg = gleying (wet/low oxygen)
Iron Oxides - Fe3+ = aerobic; forms solid, immobile oxides (rust)
Fe2+ = anaerobic; forms soluble, mobile compounds in soil
The C MASTER HORIZON - Closely resembles parent material
Unconsolidated
Little to no evidence of alteration or development
The R MASTER HORIZON - Bedrock
Unweathered Parent Material
g SUBHORIZON - gleying
anaerobic (reduced) conditions, color, Fe depletions
h SUBHORIZON - illuvial organic matter
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