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SWS3022 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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SWS3022 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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SWS3022 Exam 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
Dimensions of the Earth - Diameter: 8000 mi
Circumference: 25,000 mi
What do the definitions of soil depend on? - The definition of soil is dynamic because many
specializations and disciplines view soil differently: ecological, geological, environmental, etc.
Parameters related to soil composition for an idealized surface soil - 50% pore space and 45% particles,
5% OM
Basic functions of soils in the environment - Medium for plant growth: support, gas and water exchange,
temperature control, nutrient storage and release.
Regulator for water supplies: infiltration, runoff, storage, movement, purification.
The 4 basic processes involved in soil formation - Additions, losses, transformations, translocations
Basics of weathering - Critical to Soil Formation, Physical and Chemical Alteration and Reorganization of
Rocks and Minerals. Critical in the Creation of the Parent Material and
Alteration of Parent Material to Secondary Components.
5 soil forming factors - Parent material, climate, organisms, relief (topography), and time
Type of parent material that dominates Florida's soils - Loamy marine sediments; Sandy and clayey
marine and alluvial (deposited by rivers and streams) deposited over limestone bedrock; Mostly calcium
and magnesium carbonates from original ocean species like corals and mollusks
What is the origin of the sediments that ultimately formed the parent materials for Florida soils? - An
influx of continental sediments began about 25 mya; the sediments were shed from the Appalachian
mountains by the lowering sea levels
, How do rainfall and temperature impact soil formation? - Increased temperature and rainfall both
accelerate soil formation.
High temperatures increase the rate of physiological processes (microbial activity, organisms) while
water increases the rate of weathering and translocation, ultimately increasing the rate of
transformation.
Why are soils in Florida more developed compared to soils in the west? - In the east there is more
rainfall, causing faster weathering and soil transformation. This causes more differentiated soil horizons.
What is pedogenesis? - The process of soil formation as a result of the combination of soil forming
processes mediated by soil forming factors
What are soil horizons? - Roughly parallel layers of soil with varying compositions and properties
6 major master horizons - O, A, E, B, C, R
O Horizon - Surface organic horizon (>20% OM)
Derived from the decomposition of plant and animal residues
Differentiated based on degree of decomposition
A Horizon - Topmost mineral surface horizon (topsoil)
Subject to significant weathering, accumulates OM, often darker than the soil below, high in plant roots
and biotic activity, zone of gas and water exchange
E Horizon - Zone of elluviation, maximum losses by translocations (of OM, clays, carbonates, Fe and Al
oxides).
Generally lighter in color and contains resistant primary materials (like quartz).
B Horizon - Usually a zone of illuviation. Accumulates material (OM, clays, Fe/Al, salts) lost from above
or forms in place. Potential color development and high reactivity due to secondary minerals and OM.
Subordinate letter indicates what is accumulating.
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