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TEST BANK Massage Therapy 8edition Newest Susan Salvo
TEST BANK Massage Therapy 8edition Newest Susan Salvo
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TEST BANK Massage Therapy 8edition Newest Susan SalvoII II II II II II II
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and
II II II II II II II II II II II
ProfessionalSocieties, Organizations, and Associations.
II I II II II
MULTIPLE CHOICE II
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction
II II II II II II II II II II II II
II forclinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
I II II II II
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy II
d. Massage therapy II
ANS: D II
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
II II II II II II II II II
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness
II II II II II II II II II II
andself-care purposes.
II I II
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
II II II II II II II
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B II
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the
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Hebrewmashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the
II I II II II II II II II II II II II II
Sanskrit makeh, and the French masser.
II II II II II II
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
II II II II II II II II II II II II
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
II II I I
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
II II I I
ANS: C II
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based
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cultures.Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or
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rubbing.
II
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B II
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in
II II II II II II II II II II II II
China.Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
II I II II II II II II II II II
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
, a. Tao Te Ching II II
b. Nei Ching II
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum II
ANS: B II
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
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Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional
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Chinesemedicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and
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this work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
II energetictherapies? I
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D II
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other
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Chinesetherapies, manual and energetic.
II I II II II
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
II II II II II II II
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A II
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and
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massagebecame part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical
II I II II II II II II II II II II II II
texts, the Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
indispensablehealing procedure.
II I II
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure
II II II II II II II II II II II II
II appliedfrom the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
I II II II II II II II II II II
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B II
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts
II II II II II II II II II II II II
asacupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
II I II II II II II II II II II II II
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu II II II II II II II II II II II II
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
II II II II II II II II II II
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D II
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or “rubbing.” These works are
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was
II II II II II II II II II II II II
knownabout disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized
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as the father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
causing harm to patients.
II II II II
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
boththe East and the West?
II I II II II II
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C II
A text entitled
II II or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the I I II I I II II II II II II II II II
greatestPersian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina.
II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II
The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
and the West.
II II II
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A II
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
II II II II II II II II II II II II
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
dislocatedjoints and other orthopedic conditions.
II I II II II II
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to
II II II II II II II II II II II II
II muscularcontraction of the heart? I II II II
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C II
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in
II II II II II II II II II II
1628,and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment
II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II
measure.
II
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
heartmuscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
II I II II II II II II II II
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
II II II II II II II II II II II
a. Johann Mezger II
b. Pehr H. Ling II II
c. George Henry Taylor II II
, d. John Harvey Kellogg II II
ANS: B II
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical,
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andesthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the
II I II II II II II II II II II II II
SwedishMovement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
II I II II II II II II
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
II II II II II II II II
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage II
d. Swedish massage II
ANS: D II
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s
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system.For this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
II I II II II II II II II II II II II
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to
II II II II II II II II II II II II
II describemassage techniques? I II
a. Johann Mezger II
b. William Harvey II
c. Pehr H. Ling II II
d. Charles Taylor II
ANS: A II
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician
II II II II II II II II II II II
JohannMezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still
II I II II II II II II II II II II II II
used todescribe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still
II II I II II II II II II II II II
used in massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
II II II II II II II II II II II
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
a. Tiffany Field II
b. Florence Nightingale II
c. Charles Fayette Taylor II II
d. John Harvey Kellogg II II
ANS: B II
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
for patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed,
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massage was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
theircomfort measures.
II I II
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers
II II II II II II II II II
injuredduring which event?
II I II II
a. World War I II II
b. World War II II II
c. Civil War II
d. Viet Nam War II II
ANS: A II
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