Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
1 meter long tubes, what are they called in testes? - ANSWER-Semi-nephrous tubules located in the testes. There are about 800 of them.
.Afferent arteriole - ANSWER-The afferent arteriole is located on the arcuate artery. This is where blood enters....
Test Bank for Principles of Human
Physiology
1 meter long tubes, what are they called in testes? - ANSWER-Semi-nephrous tubules
located in the testes. There are about 800 of them.
.Afferent arteriole - ANSWER-The afferent arteriole is located on the arcuate artery.
This is where blood enters. The blood contains different things such as :H20, Na+, K+,
PP, Urea and creatinine.
.Arcuate artery - ANSWER-Located along the renal cortex and renal medulla
intersection. It goes all the way around to the renal vein which hooks onto the inferior
vena cava.
.As the follicle grows, what makes this happen? - ANSWER-FSH, so this is high when
the first few days are happening.
.At rest where are the vesicle located in the muscle when blood glucose is fine? -
ANSWER-It is in the muscle in the interstitial fluid. The intracellular fluid in the muscle.
.Blood in the urine can be indicative of what kind of damage? - ANSWER-Glomeriole
damage, because the glomerolus would not be filtering properly and the red blood cells
would be getting past it.
.Blood Portal system - ANSWER-blood flow go into the hypothalamus which then has
GnrH in the blood, which then flows through the anterior pituitary gland and the gnrh is
then released which then produces LH and FSH, this is the same in males and females.
.Bowman's capsule - ANSWER-Bowman's capsule is a piece of tissue that surrounds
the glomerolus.
.Brain is 100% dependent on what? - ANSWER-Glucose
.Can nephrons be regrown or built? - ANSWER-No they cannot, so when the start to die
off they only way to combat symptoms is either by a kidney transplant or dialysis.
.Carbon 1 and carbon 4 bond is called what? - ANSWER-Alpha 1-4 bond
.chemical castration - ANSWER-Lupron- stops the production of GnrH, so LH and FSH
goes down and the institial cells drop down.
.Diabetes melitus - ANSWER-Honey urine, there is to much glucose in the body and
and it gets filtered, when it's usually not supposed to. Glucose brings in water by
osmosis, which then causes larger amounts of diuresis. In children this can be the sign
,of bed wetting, thirst because they are dehydrated, also failure to thrive because losing
a lot of calories when peeing out glucose etc.
.Efferent arteriole - ANSWER-The fluid that is not filtered by the glomerolus gets sent
through the efferent arteriole, which attaches to the vasa recta or it gets excreted.
.Endolethial destruction - ANSWER-endolethilial starts to get destroyed by the glucose
binding to it. The capillaries start to get destroyed, because that is where endothelium
is.
.Estradiol and progesterone are not constant, why? - ANSWER-They fluctuate because
there are different structures cause it to change.
.Estradiol and the endometrium? - ANSWER-Causes the endometrium to proliferate
from 1mm to 10mm.
.Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle - ANSWER-One follicle starts to grow on day 1, a
primary follicle has granulosa cells that make estradiol.
.Gestational Diabetes - ANSWER-This is when pregnant woman develop diabetes.
Their blood glucose gets very high and a simple way to detect this is to take a urine
sample because there will be glucose in it. More than 25-30 pounds of weight is put on.
.Glomerolus - ANSWER-Bundle of capillaries that filters the blood that comes in through
the afferent arteriole.
.Glut2 receptors on the liver - ANSWER-These are always in the cell membrane in the
liver which allows glucose to always be taken up.
.Hematuria - ANSWER-Blood is in the urine.
.Hepatomegaly what is this? Especially with someone with Vongurkens disease? -
ANSWER-This is an enlarged liver, because they have a lot of glycogen. They can still
make alpha 1-4 bonds because they have glycogensynthase, they just cannot break the
bonds because they do not have phosphoylase. So the glycogen tends to build up and
the liver becomes large.
.How are the levels of testosterone normally exhibited? - ANSWER-They are usually
level, because if they weren't men would be pretty moody.
.How are urea and creatinine excreted from the body? - ANSWER-urination
.How can a fetus in a pregnant woman cause post-renal failure? - ANSWER-The fetus
can actually block the ureter by being on top of it. The fetus will then slow down the
excretion of urea and creatinine thus causing a rise in both and renal failure to happen.
, .How can ADH be taken? - ANSWER-It can be taken by injection or through the nose. It
is a very small hormone.
.How can bed wetting be treated by ADH? - ANSWER-When a child is bed wetting
water that is not being absorbed by the collecting duct is what's causing it. In order to fix
this, a physician can prescribe ADH, which will bind to the ADH receptors and allow
water to be absorbed by facilitated absorption. This will cause less urine to be excreted
and hopefully stop the bed wetting.
.How can kidney stones cause post- renal failure? - ANSWER-Kidney stones come from
the kidneys. They are a calcium build up. They can get stuck in the ureter or urethra.
This would then block the flow of urine( creatinine + urea) out of the body. There would
be a rise of BUN and creatinine and this build up can cause renal failure.
.How can scuba diving make you diuresis? - ANSWER-When you go down to about 60-
70ft your body hits 0 gravity and when this happens blood in your legs goes to your
upper body and causes you to stop producing ADH, and when this happens you urinate.
.How can urinary tract infections be treated? - ANSWER-They can be treated surgically
or through balloon catheters and drugs.
.How can you measure when menopause is starting? - ANSWER-Check the LH and
FSH levels. If they are high, then a woman is normally going through menopause. Since
there are no more eggs which means that the follicle cannot grow in a corpus luteum
there is no estradiol or progesterone inhibiting the pituitary gland from producing LH and
FSH, so levels will be high.
.How can you treat a kidney stone? - ANSWER-Many people with kidney stones are
told to drink lots of water to flush the stone out and are given narcotics. They can also
be surgically removed.
.How come only a 1/3 of the fertilized ovum become babies? - ANSWER-This is
because there isn't enough hCG produced and the corpus luteum regresses starting
with day 21 and then the period happens.
.How do oral contraceptives work? - ANSWER-By taking low levels of estradiol and
progesterone you don't reach high marks of it, it causes negative feedback. So if you
don't produce LH or FSH then you don't start a cycle and you can't get pregnant. You
cannot ovulate. Prevents the LH spike.
.How do thiazide diuretics work? - ANSWER-They work on the PCT by controlling the
amount of sodium that is absorbed. By controlling the amount of sodium that is
absorbed, water gets controlled as well, because water follows sodium. This has no
effect on facilitated absorption.
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