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SOLUTION. Clinical Immunology and Serology Exam
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SOLUTION. Clinical Immunology and Serology Exam
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SOLUTION. ClinicalImmunology and
Serology Exam 1
(antigen elimination) First phase following injection - answer
✅✅particulate antigens are removed in about 10-20 minutes
through phagocytosis in the monocytic phagocyte system (MΦs in
the lungs, liver and spleen). 90% are removed from the circulation
on the first passage. Soluble antigens are removed slower because
aggregation (through existing antibody) and pinocytosis are slower.
(antigen elimination) second phase following injection - answer
✅✅degradation and removal of antigen by enzymatic hydrolysis
and intracellular digestion (4-7 days)
(antigen elimination) third phase following injection - answer
✅✅immune elimination through newly formed antibody (from
clonal expansion) enhances phagocytosis and digestion
2 other cell types which develop from the myeloid progenitor cells
are: - answer ✅✅a. Platelets which are involved in blood clotting
and inflammation
b. Mast cells which are structurally and functionally similar to
basophils
,A T lymphocyte with an antigen receptor which allows it to - answer
✅✅recognize and react to the measles virus would not recognize or
respond to the smallpox virus
Active immunization - answer ✅✅injection of an infectious agent
(dead or alive) or toxoid to confer immunity and result in a
secondary response upon re-exposure
AgAb binding assays (primary tests)- - answer ✅✅nanogram (10-9)
and picogram (10-12)
agar gel diffusion - answer ✅✅the precipitin reaction takes place in
agar gel or other semisolid media thru which soluble molecules can
diffuse. The location and density of the precipitin band is
determined by the concentration and rate of diffusion of the
molecules (Ag and Ab)
agglutination definition - answer ✅✅Ag and Ab reactions involve
particulate Ag and the end result is the formation of aggregates
(detected by direct observation)
All of the cells involved with the immune response arise form or "are
descendants of" - answer ✅✅a hematopoietic stem cell
Antibodies (specific immunity) produced by __________(specific
immunity) help __________ (non-specific immunity) to recognize their
targets. - answer ✅✅lymphocytes; phagocytes
,Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) cells also kill non-
specifically but only - answer ✅✅target cells which have been
bound by antibody. ADCC cells are able to recognize antibody
through their Fc receptors
Antigen receptors are - answer ✅✅specific for one Ag
antigen:antibody interaction are the result of - answer ✅✅close
contact between the antigenic determinant or epitope of an antigen
and the antigen binding site of the antibody. The two
complementary structures are held together by weak intermolecular
bonds (THESE ARE NOT COVALENT BONDS and are about 1/10 as
strong)
As T and B cells mature they - answer ✅✅acquire their antigen
receptors
At one time the term "natural antibody" was defined as antibody
produced without known exposure to antigen, but - answer ✅✅now
environmental sources of antigen (dust, pollen, fungal spores,
bacteria, etc.) are a considered to be the stimulus for these
antibodies (for example anti-A and anti-B)
B lymphocytes - answer ✅✅1. B lymphocytes differentiate in - bone
marrow
2. Ig M and Ig D surface antibodies act as antigen receptors for B
lymphs.
, B lymphocytes pass through - answer ✅✅a developmental stage in
the bone marrow where they learn to recognize and react with
antigen. (They then become sensitized B lymphocytes.) Sensitized B
lymphocytes are the precursor of plasma cells
Basophils (myeloid cells) - answer ✅✅possess Fc receptors for Ig G,
and more importantly, receptors for Ig E. When an antigen binds to
the Ig E on these cells they release substances responsible for the
adverse symptoms of allergy (runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing,
stuffy nose)
Causes of immune deficiency - answer ✅✅AIDS, newborns, elderly,
leukemia, lymphoma, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Cell binding and complement fixing sites are found on - answer
✅✅the constant regions of the heavy chains. The Fc portion
(crystallizable fragment) is where complement binds to the antibody
and where the immunoglobulin molecule is able to attach to cells
via an Fc receptor
Characteristics Third Population Cells - answer ✅✅1.
Characteristics
a. Are large granular lymphocytes
b. Contain Fc receptors for IgG
c. Share some characteristics with monocytes as well as some T cell
markers
chemotactic agents - answer ✅✅a. intracellular contents (damaged
tissue) e. bacteria
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