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Portage Organic Chem Module 5 Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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Portage Organic Chem Module 5 Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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Portage Organic Chem Module 52-methyl-2-butene
Name this
- hydroxyl (OH) group is pronated by the solvent
- a water molecule (from the solvent?) removes a β-hydrogen.
- As the β-hydrogen is removed the bond H-C bond is broken and then there is a C=C bond
formed between the β-carbon and the α-carbon.
- At the same time. the double bond kicks off the H2O molecule from the α-carbon
- The net result is that H and OH are removed (eliminated) from the original alcohol substrate.
- products: an alkene and H3O+
Steps of a dehydration reaction for a primary alcohol
This occurs when a β-hydrogen can be removed from different carbons to create the C=C in
different places on the parent chain.
When can a single alcohol substrate produce more than one alkene product?
Zaitsev’s Rule
The production of the more highly substituted alkene as the major product
True
True or False: Alcohols can be converted to alkyl halides.
True
True or False: Alcohols react with most hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr, HI) to produce the
corresponding alkyl chloride, bromide, or iodide, respectively.
a substitution reaction, replacing the hydroxyl group with a halogen.
What type of reaction is it when alcohols are converted to alkyl halides?
1. The acid protonates the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to make it a good leaving group.
,2. the halide ions are good nucleophiles but weak bases, so substitution is promoted over
elimination.
The use of hydrogen halides promotes the substitution in two ways. What are they?
False, they are the same
True or False: The order of reactivity of alcohols with hydrogen halides is different than in
dehydration.
a phosphorus trihalide reagent (PX3, X = Cl or Br).
**Notes: This reaction is particularly efficient as one molecule of PX3 can convert three
molecules of alcohol to the corresponding alkyl halide.
An alternate method for converting primary and secondary alcohols to alkyl chlorides and
bromides employs what?
the alkene whose C=C has more alkyl groups attached.
In dehydration cases where more than one alkene product is possible, the major product is
always
the more stable the alkene.
The greater the substitution (the number of alkyl groups) attached to the C=C,
primary and secondary
A reaction of alcohols with SOCl2 is very efficient for ____________ alcohols.
hydrogen halide
Name this
alcohol
Name this
alkyl halide
Name this
,water
Name this
1-butanol
Name this
1-chlorobutane
Name this
phosphorus trihalide
(X = Cl or Br)
Name this
phosphorus acid
Name this
thionyl chloride
Name this
alkyl chloride
Name this
- Conversion using Hydrogen Halides (HX)
- Conversion using Phosphorus Halides (PX3)
- Conversion using Thionyl Chloride (SOCl2)
What are the different halides that can be used for Alcohols -> Alkyl Halides Conversion?
sulfur dioxide
What is SO2 called?
oxidation
Primary and secondary alcohols may be converted into carbonyl-containing (C=O) molecules
by?
, Oxidation
_______ is recognized in organic molecules by increasing the oxygen content (the number of
oxygen atoms) or the oxygen character (more bonds to oxygen).
aldehydes; carboxylic acids
Primary alcohols are initially oxidized to ______, which can then be oxidized further to
________
ketones
Secondary alcohols are oxidized to _________.
oxidation scheme for a primary alcohol
What is being shown?
oxidation scheme for a secondary alcohol
What is being shown?
aldehyde
Name this
carboxylic acid
Name this
ketone
Name this
A strong oxidizing reagent
combination chromium trioxide (CrO3) with aqueous sulfuric acid
What is Jone's Reagent?
cyclohexanone
Name this
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