Exam (elaborations)
PHM 450 Exam 4: Developmental Toxicology I&II Questions With Complete Solutions
- Course
- PHM 450
- Institution
- Florida State University
PHM 450 Exam 4: Developmental Toxicology I&II Questions With Complete Solutions
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PHM 450 Exam 4: Developmental Toxicology I&IIQuestions With Complete Solutions
Anti-epileptic drugs Correct Answers Valproic acid and
carbamazapine were shown to increase the risk for birth defects
when taken during first trimester
**interferes with folate synthesis -important for purine and
pyrimidine synthesis
Cigarette Smoke
-defects/postnatal effects Correct Answers nicotine decreases
uteroplacental perfusion, affects CNS, and gastrointestinal
system
defects: decreased birth weight, spontanious abortion, cleft
palate and lip
-sudden infant death
Cocaine Correct Answers -blocks dopamine, norepinephrine,
and serotonin reuptake from the synaptic cleft, heart rate and
blood pressure increase, birth addiction, birth defects: seizures
Congenital malformations Correct Answers malformations
present at birth (regardless of cause)
Define Teratogenesis and give the cause and examples of it.
Correct Answers -Interference with normal embryonic or fetal
development in utero, giving rise to abnormalities in the neonate
Cause: genetic or environmental factors or a combo of the two
Examples:
, -cleft palate and cleft lip
-anencephaly-brain does not form
-tetralogy of Fallot-blue baby syndrome
Developmental toxicant Correct Answers agent which may
cause death, malformations, and altered growth and/or function
Diethylstilloestrol (DES) Correct Answers -synthetic estrogen
that inhibits ovulation by affecting the release of pituitary
gonadotropins (prevent miscarriages)
-babies develop reproductive abnormalities
-maternal exposure prior to 18th week
***affects in grandbabies
Fetal Alchohol Syndrome (FAS)
-diagnosis and mechanism Correct Answers ***one of the
most preventable development toxicities
-2-3oz. per day= less severe forms (FAE)
diagnosis:
1. cluster of craniofacial abnormalities
2. CNS dysfunction
3. pre and/or postnatal stunting of growth
MECHANISM:
-impairs placental blood flow and constricts vessels
, induces hypoxia, fetal malnutrition
How do you identify teratogens? Correct Answers
1)environmental stresses (heat, physical trauma, radiation,
nutrition infections)
2)Drugs and chemicals (drugs, chemicals, pollutants)
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