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Myers Psychology for AP 1st Edition By David G Myers 9781429244367 ALL Chapters .
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Test Bank For Myers Psychology for AP 1st Edition By David GMyers 9781429244367 ALL Chapters .
memory - ANSWER: The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of
information.
encoding - ANSWER: The processing of information into the memory system—for example, by
extracting meaning.
storage - ANSWER: The retention of encoded information over time.
retrieval - ANSWER: The process of getting information out of memory storage.
sensory memory - ANSWER: The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the
memory system.
short-term memory - ANSWER: Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven
digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten.
long-term memory - ANSWER: The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory
system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
working memory - ANSWER: A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on
conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information
retrieved from long-term memory.
parallel processing - ANSWER: The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the
brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with
the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.
automatic processing - ANSWER: Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time,
and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.
effortful processing - ANSWER: Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
rehearsal - ANSWER: The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or
to encode it for storage.
spacing effect - ANSWER: The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term
retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.
serial position effect - ANSWER: Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.
mnemonics - ANSWER: Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and
organizational devices.
chunking - ANSWER: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
iconic memory - ANSWER: A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-
image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
echoic memory - ANSWER: A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is
elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
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