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Nura 221 - Antivirals/ Hematology Exam 2 $10.49   Add to cart

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Nura 221 - Antivirals/ Hematology Exam 2

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  • August 23, 2024
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Nura 221 - Antivirals/ Hematology Exam 2


Characteristics of Viruses - ANSWER •Nonliving agents that infect bacteria,
plants, animals



•Do not contain

•cellular organelles

•DNA or RNA (have one or the other)



•Can be classified as intracellular parasites

•Must be in host cell to replicate and cause infection

•Many viruses infect a specific host cell



•They do have their own enzymes which can be targeted with medications

What do DNA and RNA do? - ANSWER store and transmit genetic information

DNA: blueprint

RNA: decodes DNA and relays instructions to cell

What is best treatment for viruses? - ANSWER Prevention

Are viruses living? - ANSWER No - they are non-cellular structures



Need a host cell to replicate

Why do most viruses require no pharmacotherapy? - ANSWER Because they are
self-limiting' (time is limited, will die on their own)

,like rhinovirus

Which viruses require aggressive therapy? - ANSWER Those that can cause
serious disease and are life-threatening.

like HIV and Herpes (always in you)

Challenges of Antiviral Therapy - ANSWER Viruses mutate rapidly, and drug
becomes ineffective

Difficult for drug to find virus without injuring normal cells

Each antiviral drug specific to one particular virus

•Antiviral drugs are clinically difficult to make and are very expensive

Broad spectrum vs Narrow spectrum - ANSWER Broad: effective against many
species

Narrow: one restricted group of microorganisms

virus are known for - ANSWER mutations.. always changing. Can adapt

chicken pox (varicella) - ANSWER airborne and contact (family of DNA viruses)

herpes family

•Cause repeated blister-like lesions on the skin, genitals, and other mucosal
surfaces

Treat for itching - once crusted stop contagious

a chicken pox on dark skin - ANSWER brown skin matters - a great resource to see
how skin diseases look on darker skin

When chicken pox leaves and goes dormant... how can it return? - ANSWER
Herpes virus will return as Shingles

Antiviral goal tx for herpes - ANSWER •can lower the frequency of acute herpes
episodes, diminish the intensity of the acute disease

GOAL

•Relieve acute symptoms, prevent recurrences

, •Does not cure patients

shingles (herpes zoster) - ANSWER development of painful, inflamed blisters that
follow the nerve routes

always on one side



herpes simplex - ANSWER "cold sores";

clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junction



Common symptom of Herpes - ANSWER BLISTERS - fluid filled



1 - mouth

2. Genitals

3. Other places



4. Shingles always on one side




*many times it is stress induced



Pharmotherapy of Herpes - ANSWER Inhibits viral replication by suppressing
synthesis of viral DNA



OG drug for herpes virus - ANSWER acyclovir (Zovirax)

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