Antipsychotic side effects
- Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs)
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs)
The extrapyramidal system is involved in motor coordination and movement. Symptoms arise
when there are disturbances to this symptom.
- More common with typical antipsychotics
- Primarily consist of four primary dimensions:
,EPSE: parkinsonism
Rigidity, mask like face, shuffling gait, tremor at rest, difficulty speaking or swallowing.
Resolved with anticholinergic or
antiparkinsonian drugs or possibly a change in medication.
EPSE: akathisia
Restlessness, leg aches, person can not stay still, subjective sense of restlessness - both motor
and cognitive restlessness. Need to crawl out of skin.
Resolved by reducing the dose, changing medication, low dose of propranolol (beta blocker)
EPSE: acute dystonia
Acute & painful muscle spasms in (head, back, face, neck, tongue) resulting in facial
grimacing, torticollis, oculogyric crisis; can last minutes to hours, occur suddenly & cause fear.
Managed by administration of anticholinergic (benztropine) - oral, IMI, IV
EPSE: tardive dyskinesia
Persistent, exaggerated & involuntary movements of the mouth, neck, tongue, limbs; may
persist over time. Can be irreversible.
May be reversible if recognised early & medication is stopped
Managed by stopping the drug and providing medical care for symptoms.
Metabolic syndrome
Characterised by weight gain after commencing typical or atypical antipsychotics.
Associated with abdominal obesity and enhanced adiposity.
Metabolic syndrome made up of a cluster of abnormalities:
- Abdominal obesity
- Hypertension
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Edwardsus. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
