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MICR 3230 immunology final exam key questions and answers to consider University of Guelph
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MICR 3230 immunology final exam key questions and answers to consider University of Guelph
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MICR 3230 immunology final exam keyquestions and answers to consider University
of Guelph
, MICR 3230 immunology final exam key questions and answers to consider University of Guelph
Receptor-ligand binding occurs via multiple ___________ bonds. - --noncovalent
Each individual bond may be weak but in total they deliver a strong _______ _________. - --binding
avidity
_________________ (___) is a measure of strength of ligand binding. - --Dissociation Constant (Kd)
What are examples of bonds& interactions that can occur between a receptor and ligand? - ---
Hydrogen bonds
- Ionic bonds
- Van der Waals interactions
- hydrophobic interactions
Receptor-ligand interactions may be _______________. - --multivalent
What does multivalent mean? - --having more than one binding site for an antibody or antigen
Multivalency increases ________ of interactions. - --avidity
Individual interactions have an _________ (the strength of an individual bond). - --affinity
Affinity - --the strength of an individual bond
Avidity - --the strength of multiple bonds combined
,An interaction can have a weak _______ but overall strong _______. - --affinity, avidity
Univalent Interaction - --- single receptors bind to single ligands
Multivalent Interaction - --- multiple receptors bind to multiple ligands
Ligand-receptor binding induces ___________ ________ in the receptor. - --molcular change
What types of molecular changes can ligand-receptor binding induce in the receptor? - ---
conformational
- dimerization/clustering
- location in membrane
- covalent modification
Receptor alterations induce cascades of _____________ events. - --intracellular
What cascades do receptor alterations trigger? - --- activation of enzymes
- changes in intracellular location of molecules
Aggregation (due to ligand binding) ____________ ligand binding Kd. - --enhances
Cell-cell interactions rely on a _________ ________ to maintain contact for long periods of time. - --
binding affinity
Extended contact facilitates ______ _____________ and exchange of ___________. - --signal
transduction, cytokines
, Cytoskeletal reorganization - --may occur upon extended binding
Immune receptors have... - --immunoglobin domains
Immune receptors can be __________, __________ or __________. - --transmembrane, cytosolic or
secreted.
B cell receptor (BCR) - --contains an antibody of defined specificity
T cel receptor (TCR) - --specificity is for peptides derived from APC's degraded antigen presented on
MHC molecules.
CD4 and CD8 are T cell ________________ that define different subsets of _____ _______. - --co-
receptors, Tcell function
Recombination is directed by a _________ __________ . - --signal sequence
Dissociation constant refers to: - --measure of strength of ligand binding to a receptor
Avidity refers to: - --combined strength of binding of multiple receptors
Ligand-receptor binding induces which molecular changes in the receptor:
A)Conformational changes
B)Dimerization/clustering
C)Location in the membrane
D)Covalent modification
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