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MAPE- 1 EXAM LATEST UPDATED
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MAPE- 1 EXAM LATEST UPDATEDdrug names
chemical name- describes the drug composition and molecular structure
generic name- is the name that is listed in official publications such as the United
States Pharmacopeia (USP). A manufacturer who first develops a medication
provides the generic name
trade name or brand name- is used to market the medication. The trade name has
the symbol™ at the upper right of the name, indicating a manufacturer trademark
of the name
Elixir
Clear fluid containing water and alcohol; often sweetened
May be contraindicated in diabetic/alcoholic patient
Extract
Concentrated medication form made by removing the active part of the medication
from its components. Extracts are prepared as a syrup or dried form of
pharmacologically active medication, usually made by evaporating solution
aqueous solution
Substance dissolved in water and syrups
Aqueous suspension
Finely dissolved drug particles in liquid medium must be shaken; when left
standing, particles settle to bottom of container
Always shake the bottle well
syrup
medication dissolved in a concentrated sugar solution
,tincture
alcohol extract from plant or vegetable
Ointment (salve or cream)
Semisolid, externally applied preparation, usually containing one or more
medications
Liniment
Usually contains alcohol, oil, or soapy emollient applied to skin
Lotion
Semiliquid suspension that usually protects, cools, or cleans skin
Paste
Medication preparation that is thicker than ointment; absorbed through skin more
slowly than ointment; often used for skin protection
Transdermal patch or disk
Medicated disk or patch embedded with medication that is applied to skin
Drug absorbed through skin over a designated period of time (e.g., 24 hours)
Suppository
Solid dosage form mixed with gelatin and shaped in form of a pellet for insertion
into body cavity (rectum or vagina) (Suppository melts when it reaches body
temperature and is then absorbed.)
Intraocular disk
Small, flexible oval (similar to a contact lens) consisting of two soft outer layers
and a middle layer containing medication; slowly releases medication when
moistened by ocular fluid.
Troche (lozenge)
Flat, round tablet that dissolves in mouth to release medication; not meant for
ingestion
,Aerosol
Aqueous medication sprayed and absorbed in mouth and upper airway; not meant
for ingestion
Sustained release
Tablet or capsule that contains small particles of a medication coated with material
that requires a varying amount of time to dissolve
Adverse drug events or effects (ADEs)
are unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable
Side effects
are predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual
therapeutic drug dose.
idiosyncratic reaction
is an unpredictable effect in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a
medication or has a reaction different from normal.
Allergic reactions
also are adverse unpredictable responses to a medication.
RXNS
Urticaria (hives)- Raised, irregularly shaped skin eruptions with varying sizes and
shapes; reddened margins and pale centers
Rash -Small, raised vesicles that are usually reddened; often distributed over the
entire body
Pruritus- Itching of the skin; accompanies most rashes
Rhinitis- Inflammation of mucous membranes lining the nose, causing swelling and
a clear watery discharge
Medications known to produce tolerance
opium alkaloids (e.g., morphine), nitrates, and ethyl alcohol.
, Two types of medication dependence exist:
psychological dependence: a patient desires the medication for benefit other than
the intended effect.
Physical dependence: is a physiological adaptation to a medication that manifests
itself by intense physical disturbance when the medication is withdrawn.
medication action times
• Onset of medication action: Time it takes after a medication is administered for it
to produce a response
• Peak action: Time it takes for a medication to reach its highest effective peak
concentration
• Trough: Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before
the next scheduled dose
• Duration of action: Length of time during which a medication is present in a
concentration great enough to produce a therapeutic effect
• Plateau: Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated, fixed
doses
Oral, buccal
By mouth/mucous membrane
Sublingual
Under the tongue
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