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NUR 529 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers
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NUR 529 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers
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<<<<< Elscores <<<<<>>>>> 19/08/2024 20:17>>>>>NUR 529 Exam 2 Questions and Correct
Answers
Systemic arterial pressure
✓ ~: is the main source of afterload on the left heart, Left ventricle afterload is increased
with narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic valve
Stages of Hemostasis
✓ ~: Vessel Spasm, formation of the platelet plug, blood coagulation (clot retraction, clot
dissolution)
Vessel Spasm
✓ ~: First stage of hemostasis, constricts the vessel and reduces blood flow. It is a transient
event that usually lasts minutes or hours.
Formation of the platelet plug
✓ ~: Second stage of hemostasis, 1. platelets are attracted to damaged vessel wall. 2.
activation by sub-endothelial tissue. 3. change from smooth disks to spiny spheres. 4.
exposing glycoprotein receptors on their surfaces. This step requires a protein molecule
called von Willebrand factor that leaks into the injured tissue from the plasma. (adhesion,
activation, aggregation)
During Hemostasis, platelets change from .....
✓ ~: Smooth disks to spiny spheres
von Willebrand factor
✓ ~: Formation of the platelet plug requires a protein molecule called (helps platelets stick
together)
, <<<<< Elscores <<<<<>>>>> 19/08/2024 20:17>>>>>
Glycoprotein Receptors
✓ ~: Exposed during the formation of the platelet plug when platelets change from smooth
disks to spiny spheres
1.Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot
✓ ~: Third step of hemostasis: stabilization of the plug occurs as the coagulation pathway is
activated on the platelet surface, and fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
Thrombocytopenia
✓ ~: Results from a decrease in platelet production, increased sequestration of platelets in
the spleen, or decreased platelet survival
Drug induced thrombocytopenia
✓ ~: can be from aspirin, atorvastatin, antibiotics and of course Heparin.
Clot retraction
✓ ~: the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot pulls the edges of the damaged vessel
close together, allowing for repair of the vessel lining.
Clot dissolution
✓ ~: fibrinolysis occurs through conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue
plasminogen activator (tPA), which is released from damaged endothelial cells. This
conversion results in digestion of fibrin fibers within the clot and the production of fibrin
degradation products.... Clot dissolves.
Immune thrombocytopenia
, <<<<< Elscores <<<<<>>>>> 19/08/2024 20:17>>>>>
✓ ~: was formally called idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. ITP is the most common
thrombocytopenic disorder among children and often follows an upper respiratory
infection.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
✓ ~: rare and caused by a deficiency of the gene responsible for severing large von
Willebrand factor proteins. The unchecked platelet aggregation results in microvascular
occlusions...end organ failure
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders
✓ ~: Most often involves small vessels of mucous membranes and skin, common sites are
nose, mouth, GI, uterine
Cutaneous bleeding
✓ ~: seen as pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae), or purple areas of bruising (purpura)
Petechiae
✓ ~: Occur almost exclusively in conditions of platelet deficiency, not dysfunction
120 days
✓ ~: RBC lifespan
Spleen
✓ ~: Breaks down RBC
5 years
, <<<<< Elscores <<<<<>>>>> 19/08/2024 20:17>>>>>
✓ ~: Almost all bones produce RBCS to maintain growth rate until this age
Red bone marrow
✓ ~: RBCS produced here after birth
20 years
✓ ~: Age when red cell production takes place mainly in the membranous bones of the
vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis and red marrow changes to fatty yellow due to
decreased activity
Iron and amino acids
✓ ~: Degradation products recycled when RBCS are broken down
Hematocrit
✓ ~: Measures the volume of red cell mass in 100 mL of plasma volume
Transfusion reaction symptoms
✓ ~: •Sensation of heat along the vein where the blood is being infused
•Flushing of the face
•Urticaria/rash, headache, pain in the lumbar area
•Chills, fever, constricting pain in the chest
•Cramping pain in the abdomen
•Nausea, vomiting
•Tachycardia, hypotension, and dyspnea
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