HIST 1221 post-confederation Canadian
history chapter exam questions and answers
Thompson Rivers University
, HIST 1221 post-confederation Canadian history chapter exam questions and
answers Thompson Rivers University
What were the main engines of population growth in the 19th century? - --The main engine of
population growth during the 19th century was natural increase. Immigration also played a factor in
the increased population; however, the majority of increase was due to childbirth with 84% of the
population increase being attributed to natural increase in the first half of the 19th century.
The birth rates did drop in the later half of the 19th century as did the immigration numbers.
How had the population of Canada (or British North America and Newfoundland) changed between
the pre-Confederation period and the early 20th century? - --The population was largely French
Catholic at the beginning until it passed to British hands in the mid 18th century. The population
consisted mostly of British, French, and Americans.
By 1901, the population numbered 5,371,000 and the country had undergone significant urbanization,
with rapid growth in Montreal and Toronto and the emergence of new cities to the west including
Vancouver and Winnipeg.1
What was the context of Canadian nation-building and federation? - --The Americans had acted on
their threats to annex territory. There was great concern that they would try to annex more of Canada
to them, thus there was a push to unite under confederation before British territory was lost the the
american manifest destiny. Confederation would also allow for freer trade between the provinces as
well as the ability to build a railway that would unite the provinces.
It was off to a rocky start. Nation building and federation building was happening throughout the
world during this time, and it was not always pretty. The states and Italy had gone through bloody
wars during this time.
What external and economic factors catalyzed the conversation about a union of British North
American colonies - --The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 — which enabled freer trade between the
colonies and the United States — was cancelled by the Americans at the end of the war. Fear grew of
further retributive moves by the Americans. Indeed, a series of largely ineffectual invasions of British
North America (BNA) by Irish-Americans, bound together as an anti-British Fenian Army, catalyzed
colonial will to build a united regime that would offer greater mutual protection.
, American acquisition of Alaska, in 1867, reminded British Columbians and other Westerners that the
Americans held on to their belief in a manifest destiny to rule the whole of the continent
Why federalism? What questions did such a structure answer - --Federalism answered questions for
Canada concerning trade and political control.
Why did some politicians in Nova Scotia, British Columbia, and New Brunswick toy with the idea of
pulling out of Confederation in the first two decades after 1867? - --The economy had slowed,
structural decline was underway, Ship construction had plummeted, population growth had
decreased. Industrialization was growing drawing in the young people from the country side. Due to
confederation the reciprocity agreement with the states was no longer applicable, and the maritime
provinces saw a decrease in shipbuilding which was a staple part of their economy.
In what ways was British Columbia distinct from the rest of Canada? - --It was the largest of the British
Colonies, and it did not have clear distinct boundaries in 1867. The population was more tightly
concentrated in this province than elsewhere in Canada. in other words it was a big space with few
people,.
There was a complete lack of infrastructure that connected the towns to each other.
They were in a considerable amount of debt, and were almost bankrupted by the construction of the
Cariboo wagon road.
What forces brought PEI to the table in 1873? - --Stagnate trade, government deficit, incomplete
infrastructure, and the lack of funds which to resolve the absentee landlord issue were the pushes
that the colonial elite needed to pursue new terms with Canada.
The necessary "pulls" from Ottawa were to pay off the railway debt, guarantee a year-round steam
ship link to the mainland, and buy out the landlords.
Was the establishment of the Red River Provisional Government an act of rebellion - --As far as
Ottawa was concerned, the establishment of the Red River Provisional Government was an act of
treason. However, they did not have legitimate claim to the northwest; thus, it could be viewed that
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