Exam (elaborations)
NUR 275 PAIN MANAGEMENT & THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC EXAM
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NUR 275 PAIN MANAGEMENT & THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC EXAM ....
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NUR 275 PAIN MANAGEMENT & THE OPIOIDEPIDEMIC EXAM 2024-2025
What is pain? - ANSWER • Universal
• Personal
• Unpleasant Emotional & Sensory Experience resulting from actual or possible
damage to tissues and is uniquely experienced and described by each person.
• #1 reason for seeking healthcare
• Significant public health problem
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain-Endocrine - ANSWER -Decreased insulin,
increased epinephrine, increased ADH
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Metabolic - ANSWER Hyperglycemia,
insulin resistance, hepatic glycogenolysis
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Cardiovascular - ANSWER Increased HR,
increased cardiac workload, hypertension, hypercoagulation
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Respiratory - ANSWER Decreased flows and
volume, sputum retention, infection
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Genitourinary - ANSWER Decreased urinary
output, urinary retention, fluid overload
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Gastrointestinal - ANSWER Decreased gastric
and bowel motility
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Musculoskeletal - ANSWER Muscle spasms,
impaired muscle function, fatigue, immobility
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Cognitive - ANSWER Reduction in cognitive
function, mental confusion
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Immune - ANSWER Depressed immune
system
, Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Developmental - ANSWER Addictive
behavior, anxiety states, increased vulnerability to stress disorders
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Future pain - ANSWER Debilitating chronic
pain syndromes
Harmful Effects of Unrelieved Pain- Quality of life - ANSWER Sleepiness,
anxiety, fear, hopelessness, thoughts of suicide
Pain Classifications - ANSWER • Chronic
-• Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
-• Persistent
-• Breakthrough
-• Malignant
-• Nonmalignant
• Acute
Acute Pain - ANSWER Involves tissue damage as a result of surgery, trauma, burn
or venipuncture for a short duration and resolves with normal healing.
Chronic Pain - ANSWER A.K.A. Persistent pain
Subcategorized as being of cancer (malignant) or non-cancer (non-malignant)
origin and can persist throughout a persons life.
Ex. of noncancer chronic pain (NON-malignant) - ANSWER Peripheral
neuropathy from diabetes
Back or neck pain after injury
Osteoporosis from joint degeneration
Ex. of conditions causing both chronic and acute pain - ANSWER Cancer
Patients experience continuous chronic pain and also more acute exacerbations of
pain periodically called breakthrough pain.
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