risk factors for developing anemia - ANSWER--deficient nutrients (iron, vitamin B12,
folic acid)
-decreased erythropoietin (kideny)
-decreased iron availability (liver)
-blood loss (hemorrhage, colorectal cancer, liver disease, trauma, aortic aneurysm, GI
bleed)
-hemolysis (sickle cell, meds, incompatible blood, trauma)
Iron deficiency anemia causes - ANSWER--inadequate dietary intake
-intestinal malabsorption (Crohn's, Celiac, surgery)
-blood loss (chronic through GI/GU systems) - menstruation
-Hemolysis
-Pregnancy (increased demand for iron)
-anticonvulsants (can either affect bone marrow or cause hemolysis)
iron deficiency anemia clinical manifestations - ANSWER--pallor
-weakness
-fatigue
-fissure on mouth
iron deficiency anemia treatment - ANSWER--treat underlying disease
-increase intake of iron (shellfish, spinach, red meat, liver, broccoli, tofu, legumes, fish)
-transfusion of packed RBCs if severe
iron deficiency anemia nursing considerations - ANSWER--assess patient's diet, history
of hemorrhage
-conduct physical exam to look for symptoms
-administer prescribed meds
-reduce fatigue for patient
-prevent infection & bleeding
, Pernicious anemia causes - ANSWER--lack of intrinsic facto production by parietal cell
-IF is required for B12 absorption in small intestine
-lack of IF causes B12 deficiency anemia
-chronic PPI and H2 use b.c you need an acidic environment to secrete IF
pernicious anemia clinical manifestations - ANSWER--glossitis (swollen tongue)
-weakness
-paresthesia of the hands and feet
-ataxia: impaired coordination
-muscle weakness
-same as vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
pernicious anemia treatment - ANSWER--lifelong parenteral or intranasal vitamin B12
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia causes - ANSWER--Pernicious anemia
-gastrectomy
-nutritional deficiencies
-chronic PPI and H2 blocker use because you need an acidic environment to secrete IF
vitamin b12 deficiency anemia clinical manifestations - ANSWER--glossitis
-weakness
-paresthesia of the hands and feet
-ataxia
-muscle weakness
-same as pernicious anemia
Folic acid deficiency anemia causes - ANSWER--folic acid is required for DNA
synthesis of RBC so without it we can't produce functional RBCs
-caused by:
-malabsorption syndromes
-drugs
-increased requirement (pregnancy)
-alcohol abuse & anorexia
-loss during hemodialysis
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