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Bio 253 final exam Questions and answers | Latest 2024/25 Rated A+
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Bio 253 final exam Questions and answers | Latest 2024/25 Rated A+
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Bio 253 final exam Questions andanswers | Latest 2024/25 Rated A+
Organelles are - II II II II II
II IIOrgans of the Urinary system - kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
II II II II II II II II II II II II
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery,
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
renal vein, ureter, nephron -
II II II II II II II II
functional unit of the kidney - nephron
II II II II II II II II II II
1 million per kidney!
II II II
What parts make up the nephron? - Renal corpuscle
II II II II II II II II II II II II
Renal tubule II
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma) II II II II II II II
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus) II II II II
Efferent arteriole II
loop of henle II II
II IIWhat is the glomerulus made of? - capillaries
II II II II II II II II II
II IIFunction of a nephron - filter blood and produce urine II II II II II II II II II II II
II IITwo nephron types - juxtamedullary and cortical
II II II II II II II II
juxtamedullary nephrons - -Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments II II II II II II
-Important in production of concentrated urine II II II II II
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
II II II II II II II II
cortical nephrons - -85% of all nephrons
II II II II II II II II II II
-short nephron loops II II
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
II II II II II II II II II
How is urine made in the kidney? - 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
the blood.
II II
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle II II II II II II II II II
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
II IIdriving force for filtration - hydrostatic pressure or BP
II II II II II II II II II II
, II IIWhat fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - filtrate
II II II II II II II II II II
What is filtrate? - mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
normal in filtrate.
II II II II
-similar to blood plasma II II II
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
II II II II II II II II II
II IIStatus of water coming out of nephron loop? - @ Lowest concentration (diluted)
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Process taking place in nephron loop? - Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine).
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
tubular secretion - -selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
and collecting ducts
II II II
-From blood to tubular II II II
-Usually in the distal tubule II II II II
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
II II II II II II
Hormones that regulate kidney function - directly :
II II II II II II II II II II II
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH II
indirectly : II
Renin (created by kidney) II II II
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function - -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
and water to the blood
II II II II II
II IIAldosterone: Target Cells - kidneys II II II II II II
II IIANH function - Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Effects of ADH - increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
II II II II II II II II II II
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland II II II II
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water
II II II II II II II II II II II II
because of the ADH
II II II II
flow of urine through kidney - Glomerulus
II II II II II II II II II II
Bowmans Capsule II
Proximal convoluted tubule II II
Loop of Henle II II
Distal convoluted tubuleII II
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