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KAISER EKG EXAM LATEST ALL 300 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS JUST RELEASED.
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KAISER EKG EXAM LATEST ALL 300 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS JUST RELEASED.
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Page 1 of 91KAISER EKG EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 ALL 300
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
JUST RELEASED
Rhythms originating from the Sino-Atrial Node
1. Normal Sinus Rhythm
2. Sinus Arrhythmia
3. Sinus Bradycardia
4. Sinus Tachycardia
5. Sinus Arrest and Asystole
6. Sinoatrial Exit Block
7. Atrial Ectopic Beat (PAC- Premature Atrial Contraction)
8. Atrial Flutter
9. Atrial Fibrillation
10. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
11. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Patient hemodynamically stable with optimal CO
Rate normal (60-100 adults)
Conduction ratio 1:1
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Rhythm regular QRS normal and consistent
P waves normal & alike
ST and T waves normal
Sinus Arrhythmia
No significance hemodynamically. Sinus Arrhythmia, or "regularly irregular" sinus rhythm, is a
variation on sinus rhythm where the P-P interval ( the distance between consecutive P waves)
varies by more than 10%)
Causes can be:
• Respiratory-where the P-P interval lengthens and shortens with inspiration and expiration
• Non-respiratory - where the process occurs seemingly for no reason
Characteristics:
Rate normal 60-100 but speeds & slows with respirations, Rhythm irregular
P waves normal & alike
PR interval normal & consistent
Conduction ratio 1:1
QRS normal & consistent
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ST & T waves normal
Treatment:
Asymptomatic – nothing
Symptomatic – Find underlying cause and treat. (e.g. digoxin toxicity, MI)
Sinus Bradycardia
depending on cause – Normal in athletes & during sleep; can compromise CO and cause
hypotension, syncope, dizziness, angina, & formation of ectopic beats.
Causes can be:
• Decreased metabolic rate – hypothermia
• Increased ICP
• Vagal stimulation – gag, vomit, BM, carotid massage
• MI (inferior or posterior)
• Secondary effects: beta blocker, dig, Ca++ channel blocker
Treatment – if signs or symptoms present
• Atropine 0.5 mg IV, if unsuccessful external or transvenous pacemaker
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• Hold drugs that decrease HR: digoxin, beta blockers, etc. .
Sinus Tachycardia
Patient’s CO may be compromised due to inadequate ventricular filling; coronary arteries have
less time to fill; sometimes palpitations, dizziness, & lightheadedness;
ST is a physiological response to anxiety, fever, pain, etc.
Rate 100-150 beats/min,
Rhythm regular
P waves normal & alike
PR interval normal
QRS normal & consistent
ST & T waves normal; exception when rate is so fast
P & T waves fuse causing distortion
Causes can be:
• Increased metabolic demands – fever, exercise, pain Fright, fear, anxiety
• Stimulants – caffeine, nicotine. Drugs – epinephrine, aminophylline, albuterol
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