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What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications, and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .$17.99
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What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications, and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
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What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications, and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications, and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications, and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
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Test Bank For What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications,
and Integration 4th Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M
Doyle-Portillo 9781337677165 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
1. Which outcome, focused on recovery, would be expected in the plan of care for a patient living in
the community and diagnosed with serious and persistent mental illness? Within 3 months, the
patient will:
a. deny suicidal ideation.
b. report a sense of well-being.
c. take medications as prescribed.
d. attend clinic appointments on time. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Recovery emphasizes managing symptoms, reducing psychosocial disability, and improving role
performance. The goal of recovery is to empower the individual with mental illness to achieve a sense
of meaning and satisfaction in life and to function at the highest possible level of wellness. The
incorrect options focus on the classic medical model rather than recovery.
2. A patient is hospitalized for depression and suicidal ideation after their spouse asks for a divorce.
Select the nurse's most caring comment.
a. "Let's discuss some means of coping other than suicide when you have these feelings."
b. "I understand why you're so depressed. When I got divorced, I was devastated too."
c. "You should forget about your marriage and move on with your life."
d. "How did you get so depressed that hospitalization was necessary?" - ANSWER: ANS: A
The nurse's communication should evidence caring and a commitment to work with the patient. This
commitment lets the patient know the nurse will help. Probing and advice are not helpful or
therapeutic interventions.
3. In the shift-change report, an off-going nurse criticizes a patient who wears heavy makeup. Which
comment by the nurse who receives the report best demonstrates advocacy?
a. "This is a psychiatric hospital. Craziness is what we are all about."
b. "Let's all show acceptance of this patient by wearing lots of makeup too."
c. "Your comments are inconsiderate and inappropriate. Keep the report objective."
d. "Our patients need our help to learn behaviors that will help them get along in society." - ANSWER:
ANS: D
Accepting patients' needs for self-expression and seeking to teach skills that will contribute to their
well-being demonstrate respect and are important parts of advocacy. The on-coming nurse needs to
take action to ensure that others are not prejudiced against the patient. Humor can be appropriate
within the privacy of a shift report but not at the expense of respect for patients. Judging the off-going
nurse in a critical way will create conflict. Nurses must show compassion for each other.
4. A nurse assesses a newly admitted patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which
statement is an example of "attending"?
a. "We all have stress in life. Being in a psychiatric hospital isn't the end of the world."
b. "Tell me why you felt you had to be hospitalized to receive treatment for your depression."
c. "You will feel better after we get some antidepressant medication started for you."
d. "I'd like to sit with you a while so you may feel more comfortable talking with me." - ANSWER: ANS:
D
Attending is a technique that demonstrates the nurse's commitment to the relationship and reduces
feelings of isolation. This technique shows respect for the patient and demonstrates caring.
Generalizations, probing, and false reassurances are non-therapeutic.
5. A patient shows the nurse an article from the Internet about a health problem. Which characteristic
of the web site's address most alerts the nurse that the site may have biased and prejudiced
information?
a. Address ends in ".org."
,b. Address ends in ".com."
c. Address ends in ".gov."
d. Address ends in ".net." - ANSWER: ANS: B
Financial influences on a site are a clue that the information may be biased. ".com" at the end of the
address indicates that the site is a commercial one. ".gov" indicates that the site is maintained by a
government entity. ".org" indicates that the site is nonproprietary; the site may or may not have
reliable information, but it does not profit from its activities. ".net" can have multiple meanings.
6. A nurse says, "When I was in school, I learned to call upset patients by name to get their attention;
however, I read a descriptive research study that says that this approach does not work. I plan to stop
calling patients by name." Which statement is the best appraisal of this nurse's comment?
a. One descriptive research study rarely provides enough evidence to change practice.
b. Staff nurses apply new research findings only with the help from clinical nurse specialists.
c. New research findings should be incorporated into clinical algorithms before using them in practice.
d. The nurse misinterpreted the results of the study. Classic tenets of practice do not change. -
ANSWER: ANS: A
Descriptive research findings provide evidence for practice but must be viewed in relation to other
studies before practice changes. One study is not enough. Descriptive studies are low on the hierarchy
of evidence. Clinical algorithms use flow charts to manage problems and do not specify one response
to a clinical problem. Classic tenets of practice should change as research findings provide evidence
for change.
7. Two nursing students discuss career plans after graduation. One student wants to enter psychiatric
nursing. The other student asks, "Why would you want to be a psychiatric nurse? All they do is talk.
You will lose your skills." Select the best response by the student interested in psychiatric nursing.
a. "Psychiatric nurses practice in safer environments than other specialties. Nurse-to-patient ratios
must be better because of the nature of patients' problems."
b. "Psychiatric nurses use complex communication skills, as well as critical thinking, to solve
multidimensional problems. I'm challenged by those situations."
c. "I think I will be good in the mental health field. I do not like clinical rotations in school, so I do not
want to continue them after I graduate."
d. "Psychiatric nurses do not have to deal with as much pain and suffering as medical surgical nurses.
That appeals to me." - ANSWER: ANS: B
The practice of psychiatric nursing requires a different set of skills than medical surgical nursing,
although substantial overlap does exist. Psychiatric nurses must be able to help patients with medical
and mental health problems, reflecting the holistic perspective these nurses must have. Nurse-patient
ratios and workloads in psychiatric settings have increased, similar to other specialties. Psychiatric
nursing involves clinical practice, not simply documentation. Psychosocial pain is real and can cause as
much suffering as physical pain.
8. Which research evidence would most influence a group of nurses to change their practice?
a. Expert committee report of recommendations for practice
b. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
c. Nonexperimental descriptive study
d. Critical pathway - ANSWER: ANS: B
Research findings are graded using a hierarchy of evidence. A systematic review of randomized
controlled trials is Level A and provides the strongest evidence for changing practice. Expert
committee recommendations and descriptive studies lend less powerful and influential evidence. A
critical pathway is not evidence; it incorporates research findings after they have been analyzed.
9. A bill introduced in Congress would reduce funding for the care of people diagnosed with mental
illnesses. A group of nurses write letters to their elected representatives in opposition to the
legislation. Which role have the nurses fulfilled?
a. Advocacy
b. Attending
c. Recovery
d. Evidence-based practice - ANSWER: ANS: A
, An advocate defends or asserts another's cause, particularly when the other person lacks the ability
to do that for himself or herself. Examples of individual advocacy include helping patients understand
their rights or make decisions. On a community scale, advocacy includes political activity, public
speaking, and publication in the interest of improving the individuals with mental illness; the letter-
writing campaign advocates for that cause on behalf of patients who are unable to articulate their
own needs.
10. An informal group of patients discuss their perceptions of nursing care. Which comment best
indicates a patient's perception that his or her nurse is caring?
a. "My nurse always asks me which type of juice I want to help me swallow my medication."
b. "My nurse explained my treatment plan to me and asked for my ideas about how to make it
better."
c. "My nurse told me that if I take all the medicines the doctor prescribes I will get discharged soon."
d. "My nurse spends time listening to me talk about my problems. That helps me feel like I'm not
alone." - ANSWER: ANS: D
Caring evidences empathic understanding, as well as competency. It helps change pain and suffering
into a shared experience, creating a human connection that alleviates feelings of isolation. The
incorrect options give examples of statements that demonstrate advocacy or giving advice.
11. A patient who immigrated to the United States from Honduras was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
The patient took an antipsychotic medication for 3 weeks but showed no improvement. Which
resource should the treatment team consult for information on more effective medications for this
patient?
a. Clinical algorithm
b. Clinical pathway
c. Clinical practice guideline
d. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) - ANSWER:
ANS: A
A clinical algorithm is a guideline that describes diagnostic and/or treatment approaches drawn from
large databases of information. These guidelines help the treatment team make decisions cognizant
of an individual patient's needs, such as ethnic origin, age, or gender. A clinical pathway is a map of
interventions and treatments related to a specific disorder. Clinical practice guidelines summarize
best practices about specific health problems. The ICD classifies diseases.
12. Which historical nursing leader helped focus practice to recognize the importance of science in
psychiatric nursing?
a. Abraham Maslow
b. Hildegard Peplau
c. Kris Martinsen
d. Harriet Bailey - ANSWER: ANS: B
Although all these leaders included science as an important component of practice, Hildegard Peplau
most influenced its development in psychiatric nursing. Maslow was not a nurse, but his theories
influence how nurses prioritize problems and care. Bailey wrote a textbook in the 1930s on psychiatric
nursing interventions. Kris Martinsen emphasized the importance of caring in nursing practice.
13. A nurse consistently strives to demonstrate caring behaviors during interactions with patients.
Which reaction by a patient indicates this nurse is effective? A patient reports feeling:
a. distrustful of others.
b. connected with others.
c. uneasy about the future.
d. discouraged with efforts to improve. - ANSWER: ANS: B
A patient is likely to respond to caring with a sense of connectedness with others. The absence of
caring can make patients feel distrustful, disconnected, uneasy, and discouraged.
1. An experienced nurse says to a new graduate, "When you've practiced as long as I have, you will
instantly know how to take care of psychotic patients." What is the new graduate's best analysis of
this comment? Select all that apply.
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