seven trends in nursing (chap 1)
image, education, advancement in practice, war, workforce issues, licensure/regulation, research
- trends influence each other/intertwined, there are unique aspects related to each trend
image of nursing (chap 1)
- mass communication and entertainment have...
seven trends in nursing (chap 1) - ANSWER-image, education, advancement in
practice, war, workforce issues, licensure/regulation, research
- trends influence each other/intertwined, there are unique aspects related to each trend
image of nursing (chap 1) - ANSWER-- mass communication and entertainment have
lead to generalized impressions related to nurses and the nursing profession (good or
bad?)
- popular public perception of nurses influences:
+ how nurses are treated by patients, other healthcare professionals, and the public
+ how nurses perceive themselves and the profession
+ how they treat each other in the workplace
education of nurses (chap 1) - ANSWER-early nursing education was:
- family members and tradition
- apprenticeship and observation
- educated by physicians and nurse supervisors
formal methods emerged as result of work of nurse leaders in Europe and the US
+ nursing did not exist in the US till after the civil war
- progression of nursing education resulted in educational degrees that determined role
or function, certification, and practice
advances in practice (chap 1) - ANSWER-- advances in healthcare technology
- development of new practice approaches/disciplines to effectively treat healthcare
concerns
- technological advancements:
+ influence and improve outcomes
+ fast-paced changes to nursing practice
- sociopolitical and healthcare environments
+ influence practice trends
, + necessity of practice advancement
- new practice approaches/disciplines developed over time to address specific client
concerns
war and its effect on nursing (chap 1) - ANSWER-- evolution of professional nursing in
US intricately tied to wartime activities
- each war has posed unique challenges and opportunities for nursing related to
professional roles and responsibilities
+ before WW1 there were more male nurses than female, then it became all women
eventually
- much of technology that nurses routinely use today is direct result of wartime
nursing workforce issues (chap 1) - ANSWER-- workforce issues related to supply and
demand of qualified nurses have consistently emerged
- sometimes related to an overabundance of nurses and often connected to shortages
- other issues: employment of men, ethnic minorities, and racial minorities in nursing
licensure and regulation (chap 1) - ANSWER-- all practicing nurses are required to
obtain and maintain licenses
+ minimum competency (i.e. NCLEX-RN)
- certifications and specialty endorsements are essential components of nursing
practice
+ ensure competency as they delineate role, responsibility, and obligation
- nurse practice acts define legal boundaries of nursing practice based on licensure,
regulation, and certification
- licensure/regulation laws:
+ state laws
+ set tone for entry into different levels of nursing practice
+ ensure accountability of all professional nurses
nursing research (chap 1) - ANSWER-- early nursing practice was based on tradition
rather than systematic study of efficacy
- movement of nursing education into university setting stimulated nursing research
activities
- evidence based practice has resulted in increasingly dynamic knowledge development
- continued advancement and refinement of the nursing knowledge obligation of all
nurses
+ BSNs: provide questions/topic for inquiry and implement research findings at clinical
level
+ MSNs: do all that BSNs do, plus assist in creation and execution of research studies
, + doctorally prepared RNs add to this skill set the creation, management, and
dissemination of all aspects of research studies to improve practice through evidence
key people in 1600s to 1700s (chap 4- nursing in the American colonies) - ANSWER-
folk culture - living plants can heal, blood letting (four humors imbalanced), leaches,
potions
Auenbrugger - percussion
da Vinci - anatomical representations
Harvey - circulation
Jenner - smallpox vaccination (first and only vax rn)
Kircher - microscopy
Sydenham - care based on diagnosis
van Leeuwenhoek - microbiology
sociopolitical climate in 1600s to 1700s (chap 4- nursing in the American colonies) -
ANSWER-- colonial America was outpost of Great Britain
- community building activities and governing bodies modeled after standards and
practices in Great Britain
- unrest related to desire for autonomy and unfair taxation leads by GB
- American Revolutionary War in 1775
the image of nursing in 1600s to 1700s (chap 4- nursing in the American colonies) -
ANSWER-- synonymous with perceptions nursing in GB and Europe
+ France and Germany were two leading countries in medical science
- nursing care provided by monks and nuns in monastery wards as charity work
- destruction and closures of monastery sick wards during reformation resulted in
creation of public hospitals
- public hospitals filthy, chaotic, poorly appointed, disorganized, stench-filled buildings
+ you did NOT want to go there
+ for travelers, transients, homeless, poor
+ difficult to secure laywomen staffing
+ nurses not trained, motivated, qualified
+ imagine of nursing went from altruistic men and women selflessly caring for sick to
criminally inclined women
education of nurses in 1600s to 1700s (chap -4 nursing in the American colonies) -
ANSWER-- no formal education
- knowledge gained from personal experiences, tradition
- nurses often functionally illiterate
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