These notes cover the fourth chapter of the course, including the lecture, readings, and essential discussions. Whether you missed a class, need to review for exams, or want a concise summary of complex topics, these notes are your go-to resource. They are ideal for students who want to save time ...
viruses
characteristics of life:
1. organization
2. energy processing
3. response to stimulus
4. evolve
5. growth
6. reproduction
7. viruses do not grow or reproduce their own cells
8. somewhere between living organism and non-living chemical compound
what is a virus?
1. has a genome
2. can be DNA, single stranded RNA, or double stranded RNA
3. smallest viruses 20nm in diameter
4. smaller than a ribosome
5. can aggregate in crystals
6. smallest cells cannot aggregate
7. can only reproduce with a host cell
8. viruses are infectious particles
9. nucleic acid in a protein coat
10.some cases have a membranous envelope
viral shape
•protein shell around virus is a capsid
•made of capsomeres
•usually rod shaped, polyhedral, or more complex
•recognition spike - protein to bind to host
virulence:
the severity of a disease or poison
•ability to damage host
•determined by virulence factors
•bacteriophage - virus that infects bacterium
-once bacterium is infected, it undergoes one of two life cycles: lytic cycle, lysogenic cycle
-every bacteriophage can undergo lytic cycle
-lysogenic cycle can be a long detour
•lytic cycle - phage reproductive cycle that ends in death of the host cell
-bacterium lyses
-virulent phage - phage that only reproduces with lytic cycle
-bacteria have their own defenses
•lysogenic cycle - replicates phage genome, doesn't kill cell
•prophage - viral DNA copied in host cell
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