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BIO 122 CLASS NOTES - What is science?
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These notes cover the third chapter of the course, including the lecture, readings, and essential discussions. Whether you missed a class, need to review for exams, or want a concise summary of complex topics, these notes are your go-to resource. They are ideal for students who want to save time a...

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  • August 22, 2024
  • 2
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Jaymes awbrey
  • Lecture 4

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what is science?
observation is the first step
the scientific method serves as a guideline for a scientist to understand an observation
the scientific method depends on hypotheses




scientists investigate the world in ways outside of the scientific method
•not all science is hypothesis driven
•discovery science provides data used to describe the natural world

hypothesis vs. theory
hypothesis: proposed explantation for an observation
•valid hypothesis must be testable
•narrow in scope
•subject to immediate testing
theory: much broader in scope and explains a great many observations
•theories are supported by a large and growing body of evidence

how can scientists narrow down the variables?
controlled experiments investigate a hypothesis by changing only one variable, holding others
constant
ideally, all other variables are held constant

types of variables
1. independent variables
•things being manipulated
•x on a graph
•flour type
2. dependent variable
•response being measured
•y on a graph
•cookie height

strengthening experiments: control groups
•negative controls: no change expected. ex: changing ovens

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