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KAISER EKG EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 300 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS $18.99   Add to cart

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KAISER EKG EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 300 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS

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KAISER EKG EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 300 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS

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  • August 22, 2024
  • 88
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • KAISER EKG.
  • KAISER EKG.
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KAISER EKG EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 300 COMPLETE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
Depolarization vs Repolarization


Depolarization – electrical excitation of the cell membrane, normally followed

by mechanical contraction


Repolarization – return of cell membrane to its resting state, normally followed

by mechanical relaxation


Electrical and mechanical activity of the heart


The heart has two activities that are performed rhythmically: electrical activity followed by

mechanical activity

Electrical activity always precedes mechanical activity

It is possible to have electrical activity without mechanical response

Always check the patient - Do Not Depend on the Machine!!!


Measurement of the boxes in the ekg


A standard ECG is printed at 25mm per second or 25 small squares per second. Since one

second divided by 25 small boxes, then each 1 mm box = 0.04 seconds. The larger

boxes indicated by the heavier lines are equal to 0.20 seconds.




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Voltage is measured along the vertical axis and is expressed in millivolts (mV). The standard

calibration is that a 1 mV signal produces a 10-mm deflection (0.1 mV=1mm). Simply put 10

small squares vertically is equal to 1 millivolt


EKG waveforms and intervals


P wave – rounded with upright deflection in lead II, atrial depolarization


PR interval- delay @ AV junction


• measure from beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS


• Normal duration 0.12 – 0.20 seconds •


S wave – Negative deflection following the R-wave


QRS complex – multiple components, Ventricular depolarization, - 0.06 –0.11


• Q wave – first negative deflection after P wave R wave


• Positive deflection after the Q


J point - marks where the QRS complex ends and the ST segment begins


ST segment – normally isoelectric line between QRS and the beginning of the T wave


QT interval – beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave; changes with heart rate,

usually half of the R to R interval. beginning of vent activation through Ventricular

depolarization. 0.44 –0.48 (Rate dependent)


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T wave - follows the QRS; typically, larger than the P wave and slightly asymmetric; Ventricular

repolarization


U wave – not usually seen, may be due to hypokalemia or digitalis toxicity


Isoelectric Line –No perceived electrical current


Cardiac Conduction Pathway System


SA node> AV node> Bundle of His> Left and Right bundle branches> Purkinjie fibers


Pacemakers of the heart


Natural: SA Node = 60-100 beats/minute


Backup: AV Node = 40-60 beats/minute


Backup: Purkinje Fibers (ventricles) = 20-40 beats/minute


SA Node


• Intrinsic Pacemaker of the heart

• Rate 60-100 beats/min

• RA (Right Atrium), close to SVC (Superior Vena Cava)

• Blood supply from RCA (Right Coronary Artery) & LCA (Left Coronary Artery)


Interatrial/Internodal Tracts


Transmits impulses from the SA node to the AV node through the RA & LA


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AV node


• Slows conduction (40-60 beats/min)

• Physiologic delay allows atrial kick on floor of RA near tricuspid valve


Bundle of His


Bundle of cardiac muscle fibers that conducts the electrical impulses from the AV node in the

right atrium to the septum between the ventricles and then to the left and right ventricles.


bundle branches


Right and Left (Left anterior & Left posterior fascicles)


Purkinjie Fibers


Fibers from Bundle Branches imbedded into the ventricle walls.


indication of a flat line at any time in the duration of a series of waves


indicates no electrical activity at that particular moment


Nursing Responsibilities when theres changes in ECG rhythm


Print, measure, interpret and post rhythm strips per unit standard.

Get a 12 lead ECG for any rhythm changes.

Get a set of vital signs for any rhythm changes.

Know your unit standards and when to notify the MD.



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