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MGCCC Fluids And Electrolytes Exam Latest Update
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MGCCC Fluids And Electrolytes ExamLatest Update
who has an increased risk for fluid problems? - Answer infants, women, and the elderly.
Causes of Dehydration - Answer ■■ Hyperventilation
■■ Diabetic ketoacidosis
■■ Enteral feeding without sufficient water intake
Causes of Hypovolemia - Answer ■■ Abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) losses - Vomiting,
nasogastric suctioning, diarrhea
■■ Abnormal skin losses - Diaphoresis
■■ Abnormal renal losses - Diuretic therapy, diabetes insipidus, renal disease, adrenal
insufficiency, osmotic diuresis
■■ Third spacing - Peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascites, burns
■■ Hemorrhage
■■ Altered intake, such as nothing by mouth (NPO)
Lab findings for fluids - Answer HCT 40-50
BUN 8-20
Urine specific gravity
serum electrolytes
dehydration assessment - Answer thirst
concentrated or low urine volume
dry skin
hypotension
decreased cardiac output
tachycardia
low grade fever
LOC
, WT loss
dehydration interventions - Answer replace with isotonic fluids
replace electrolytes
treat underlying disease
assess CV, R, NEURO, and SKIN
monitor labs
I&O, daily WTs
replace sodium/potassium per protocol
SHUNT place modified tendelerbergs
oxygen
FVD cardiovascular assessment - Answer • Thready, increased pulse rate
• Decreased blood pressure and orthostatic (postural) hypotension
* "ortho checks" - Lying BP first
• Flat neck and hand veins in dependent positions
• Diminished peripheral pulses
• Decreased central venous pressure
• Dysrhythmias
FVD respiratory assessment - Answer • Increased rate and depth of respirations
• Dyspnea
FVD neuromuscular assessment - Answer • Decreased central nervous system activity,
from lethargy to coma
• Fever, depending on the amount of fluid loss
• Skeletal muscle weakness
FVD Renal assessment - Answer decreased urine (OLIGURIA)
FVD integumentary assessment - Answer • Dry skin
• Poor turgor, tenting
• Dry mouth
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