Honors Biology Final Exam Review Questions with Answers
9 views 0 purchase
Course
Honors Biology
Institution
Honors Biology
Honors Biology Final Exam Review Questions with Answers
NADP+ - Answer-an electron carrier; converts to NADPH when it is carrying 2 high energy-electrons
light-dependent reactions - Answer-require the direct involvement of light and light-absorbing pigments; produces ATP, NADPH, & oxygen; occu...
Honors Biology Final Exam Review
Questions with Answers
NADP+ - Answer-an electron carrier; converts to NADPH when it is carrying 2 high
energy-electrons
light-dependent reactions - Answer-require the direct involvement of light and light-
absorbing pigments; produces ATP, NADPH, & oxygen; occurs within the thylakoids
light-independent reactions - Answer-ATP and NADPH molecules (from light-dependent
reactions) are used to produce high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide; produced ADP,
NADP+, & carbon dioxide; occurs in the stroma
photosystems - Answer-clusters of chlorophyll and proteins surrounded by accessory
pigments; absorb sunlught and generate high-energy electrons
electron transport chain - Answer-a series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-
energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
ATP Synthase - Answer-a protein found on the thylakoid membrane that allows H+ ions
to pass through it, converting ADP into ATP
Calvin Cycle - Answer-another name for the light-independent reactions
calorie - Answer-the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
water by 1 degree Celsius
cellular respiration - Answer-the process that releases energy from food in the presence
of oxygen
aerobic - Answer-pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen; "in air"
anaerobic - Answer-pathways of cellular respiration that do not require oxygen; "wihout
air"
glycolysis - Answer-"sugar-breaking;" the first stage of cellular respiration where
glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (ATP and NADPH are also
made)
NAD+ - Answer-an electron carrier; converts to NADH; holds electrons until they can be
transferred to other molecules
,Krebs Cycle - Answer-the second stage of cellular respiration where pyruvic acid is
broken down into carbon dioxide
matrix - Answer-the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion and the site of the
Krebs Cycle reactions
fermentation - Answer-the combined process of a pathway (which makes it possible to
continue to produce ATP without oxygen) and glycolysis
cell division - Answer-the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
asexual reproduction - Answer-the production of genetically identical offspring from a
single parent
sexual reproduction - Answer-the production of offspring from two separate parent cells;
offspring inherit some genetic information from each parent
chromosomes - Answer-genetic information bundled into packages of DNA
chromatin - Answer-DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
interphase - Answer-an "in-between" period of growth that separates cell division
mitosis - Answer-the first stage of cell division; the division of the cell nucleus
cytokinesis - Answer-the second stage of cell division; the division of the cytoplasm
prophase - Answer-first phase of mitosis; the genetic material inside the nucleus
condenses and the duplicated chromosomes become visible
centromere - Answer-the point where the duplicated strands of DNA are attached
chromatid - Answer-sister chromatid; each strand in the duplicated chromosome
metaphase - Answer-second phase of mitosis; the centromeres of the duplicated
chromosomes line up across the center of the cell; spindle fibers connect the
centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle
autotroph - Answer-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
biosphere - Answer-part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or
atmosphere
community - Answer-assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined
area
, consumer - Answer-organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food
supply; also called a heterotroph
ecology - Answer-scientific study of interactions among organisms and between
organisms and their environment
ecosystem - Answer-collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place,
together with their nonliving environment
food chain - Answer-series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy
by eating and being eaten
food web - Answer-network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships
among the various organisms in an ecosystem
heterotroph - Answer-organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also
called a consumer
population - Answer-group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
producer - Answer-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
species - Answer-group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring
trophic level - Answer-step in a food chain or food web
abiotic factors - Answer-physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem
biotic factors - Answer-biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem
commensalisms - Answer-symbiotic relationship in which one member of the
association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
mutalism - Answer-symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the
relationship
niche - Answer-full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism
lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions
predation - Answer-interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another
organism
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Perfectscorer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.29. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
