what factors led to opioid problem - ANSWER -highly addictive drugs
-aggressive sales forces and marketing
-new medical approach to pain
-unrealistic expectations of pain relief
-opportunistic drug traffickers
-widespread isolation (loneliness)
WHO pain ladder - ANSWER created in 1986 to manage cancer pain
-numerous guidelines and hospitals apply this ladder to all types of pain
7 principles of effective addiction treatment - ANSWER -addiction is a
complex but treatable disease that affects brain functions and behaviours
-no single treatment is appropriate for everyone
-treatment needs to be readily available
-effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual not just the
personal substance use
-medications are an essential element of treatment especially when combines
with counselling and other behavioural therapies
, -many people with substance use disorders to addiction have co-occuring
conditions
-detoxification is only one stage of addiction treatment and is not effective
as a stand alone treatment
diagnostic criteria for addiction - ANSWER a problematic pattern of opioid
use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
criteria for being diagnosed with addiction - ANSWER pt must have at least 3
within a 12-month period
-larger amounts, over longer periods of time
-unsuccessful in cutting down or controlling use
-excessive time spent obtaining, using and recovering from the drug
-craving, strong desire
-failure to fulfill occupational, personal, academic, role obligations as a result
of use
-persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems as a result of use
-recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
-continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent
physical or psychological problem likely caused or acerbated by the
substance
assessment for opioid addiction - ANSWER when asking patients if they use
opioids that we clarify what classifies an opioid as some people are unaware
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