Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 11 Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
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- Nursing
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- Williston State College
Chapter 11 Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
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lOMoAR cP SD |12827 373Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing,
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the number one cause of death worldwide?
a. Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke)
b. Infectious diseases
c. Injuries (accidental or purposeful)
d. Terrorism
ANS: B
Infectious diseases, however, are still the number one cause of death worldwide. In countries with
where people live longer, chronic diseases—heart disease, cancer, and stroke—are the leading caus
rorism are not the number one cause of death worldwide.
2. Which of the following places best describes where the incidence of Vancomycin-resistant Staphyloco
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is currently rising?
a. Areas where people share dressing or bathing facilities
b. Daycare centers and schools
c. Long-term care facilities
d. Senior citizen centers
ANS: A
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) rem
acquire the bacteria in the hospital, but there is a growing incidence of community-acquired MRSA in
share facilities such as locker rooms, prisons, and other close bathing areas. Daycare centers, schools,
senior citizen centers are not places where the incidence of VRSA and MRSA is rising. These are not p
closely sharing dressing and bathing facilities.
3. During an outbreak of hepatitis A, nurses are giving injections of hepatitis A immunoglobulin to select
Which of the following best describes the type of immunity that will follow the administration of these
a. Active immunity
b. Acquired immunity
c. Natural immunity
d. Passive immunity
ANS: D
Passive immunity refers to immunization through the transfer of a specific antibody from an immunize
non-immunized individual, such as the transfer of antibody by the administration of an antibody-conta
(immune globulin or antiserum). Passive immunity from immune globulin is almost immediate but sho
induced as a stopgap measure until active immunity has had time to develop after vaccination. Active
antibodies develop
due to exposure to the antigen. Acquired immunity is the resistance acquired by a host as a result of pr
infectious agent. Natural immunity refers to a species-determined, innate resistance to an infectious ag
4. A man loudly protests his increased property tax bill right after the public health department has made
“Why,” he asks, “should my tax dollars be used to pay for their children to be immunized?” Which of
the best response by the nurse?
a. “Immunizations are required by law, and if their parents can’t afford it, you and I
will have to pay for it.”
b. “It’s just the right thing to do.”
c. “Only by making sure most kids are immunized can we stop epidemics that might
hurt all of us.”
d. “We’re a religious God-fearing community, and we take care of each other.”
ANS: C
Herd immunity is the resistance of a group of people to invasion and spread of an infectious agent beca
individual members of a group are resistant to the infection. Higher immunization coverage will lead t
, lOMoAR cP SD |12827 373
6. Which of the following best represents an example of infectious disease spreading via a vector?
a. Being bitten by an infected mosquito
b. Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta
c. A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands
d. Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda
ANS: A
Vectors include mosquitoes, which can transmit the infectious agent by biting the host. Vertical transm
infection from parent to offspring via placenta. Horizontal transmission is the person-to-person spread
other ways) contact. Common vehicle refers to transportation of the infectious agent from an infected h
food, water, milk, or other substance.
7. Which statement made by the nurse best describes the effect vaccines have had on tuberculosis (TB)?
a. Tuberculosis is no longer a threat in most of the world.
b. Tuberculosis has developed resistance to the all antibiotics.
c. The treatment has helped greatly reduce the incidence of TB in the United States.
d. The incidence of TB has remained constant since the 20th century.
ANS: C
In 1900, communicable diseases were the leading causes of death in the United States. Since that time,
nutrition, the discovery of antibiotics, and the development of vaccines has ended some epidemics suc
fever and greatly reduced the incidence of others such as tuberculosis (TB).
8. Which population is best protected against pertussis by the DTaP vaccine?
a. Young children
b. The pre-teen
c. The teen
d. Adult
ANS: A
More than 200,000 children previously got pertussis each year. Two vaccines protect again this disease
children from diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis; and Tdap protects preteens, teens, and adults.
9. Which of the following data would most likely be collected in a syndromic surveillance system?
a. Incidence of bioterrorism attacks
b. Number of air travelers
c. Incidence of school absenteeism
d. Number of influenza vaccines administered
ANS: C
Syndromic surveillance systems use existing health data in real time to provide immediate analysis and
with investigation and follow-up of potential outbreaks. These systems incorporate factors such as the
temporal and geographic clustering and unusual age distributions with groups of disease symptoms or
paralysis, respiratory signs, skin rashes, gastrointestinal symptoms) with the goal of detecting early sig
result from a bioterrorism-related attack. Syndromic surveillance systems may include tracking emerg
sorted by syndrome symptoms as well as other indicators of illness including school absenteeism and s
counter medications. In recent years, the tracking of cold medicines used to make crystal methampheta
considerable attention. Syndromic surveillance systems use existing health data—the number of air tra
data. It is the intention of syndromic surveillance systems to detect early signs of diseases that could re
related attack; thus, the system is not measuring the incidence of bioterrorism attacks. Administration o
decrease the prevalence of this disease. Therefore it is unlikely that the administration of vaccines wou
the incidence of the influenza would be more likely to be examined.
10. The nurse is trying to determine if a disease occurrence needs to be reported to the state health departm
resources should the nurse use to answer this question?
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Weekly Report
b. Communicable Diseases Weekly Report
c. Nationally notifiable infectious diseases on the CDC website
d. State health department website
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