APEA 3P Pathophysiology - Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose & Throat || QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!
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Apea
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Apea
auricular hematoma correct answers bleeding in the auricular cartilege
cause: direct, blunt trauma commonly seen in wrestlers, boxers, MMA fighters
tx: hematoma needs drained or it can result in cauliflower ear
avulsed tooth correct answers considered a dental emergency for permanent teet...
APEA 3P Pathophysiology - Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose &
Throat || QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED!!
auricular hematoma correct answers bleeding in the auricular cartilege
cause: direct, blunt trauma commonly seen in wrestlers, boxers, MMA fighters
tx: hematoma needs drained or it can result in cauliflower ear
avulsed tooth correct answers considered a dental emergency for permanent teeth
the sooner the avulsed tooth is reimplanted, the better the outcome
tx:
-avoid touching the root, handle only the crown
-rinse tooth in normal saline, irrigate the socket with normal saline
-reimplant the tooth
-have the pt bite down on gauze and refer to dentist as soon as possible
-store the tooth in cold milk or saline or store inside the cheek (buccal sulcus) if unable to
reimplant
basilar skull fracture correct answers temporal bone is commonly fractured - linear fracture is
most common followed by depressed and basilar skull fractures
causes: falls, assaults, car collisions, penetrating missiles
s/s: periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes), mastoid ecchymosis (Battle sign) appear in 1-3
days following trauma; physical exam does not show these signs immediately
assessment:
-clear rhinorrhea or otorrhea (discharge from ear or nose suggesting CSF leak)
-hemotympanum (blue-purple color of tympanic membrane [TM]) caused by blood
accumulation in the middle ear
tx: refer to ED
cholesteatoma correct answers collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the
middle ear
s/s: can be asymptomatic; may complain of hearing loss and intermittent otorrhea from one
ear that is purulent and foul smelling
on exam, there is perforation of the TM on the superior quadrant and a cauliflower-like or
pearly-white mass. another presentation is an intact TM with missing landmarks and white
mass visible behind the TM.
risks: hx of chronic or recurrent otitis media infection.
, considerations: mass is not cancerous but can erode into the bones of the face and damage the
facial nerve (CN VII)
tx: antibiotics and surgical excision/repair
refer to otolaryngologist
diptheria correct answers infectious disease caused by gram-positive bacillus
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - very contagious - contact prophylaxis required
s/s: sore throat, malaise, low-grade fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, possible swelling of
submandibular region and anterior neck (bull neck)
in 1/3 of cases, posterior pharynx, tonsils, uvula and soft palate are coated with gray to
yellow pseudomembrane that is hard to displace
tx: refer to ED
bull neck correct answers swelling of the submandibular region and anterior neck associated
with diptheria
necrotizing keratitis may progress to corneal perforation.
s/s: acute onset of severe eye pain, photophobia, tearing and blurred vision in one eye.
often diagnosed based on physical exam.
tx: depends on if episode is caused by active viral replication or immune response to past
infection.
often, antiviral medication is indicated.
herpes zoster opthalmicus correct answers herpes zoster involvement of the ophthalmic
division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
s/s: headache, malaise, fever with unilateral eye involvement or hypothesis in the affected eye
or forehead; accompanied by vascular lesions, signifying involvement of the nasocilliary
branch of the trigeminal nerve (one side of forehead, eyelids, tip of nose)
bacterial keratitis (95% of all contact lens infections) predominantly due to pseudomonas,
followed by staphylococcus or streptococcus can permanently impair vision because of
scarring or perforation.
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