CBIC: SURVEILLANCE AND
EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION
(PART 1) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Attributal Risk Percent - ANSWER --Derived from relative risk ration
(Relative Risk - 1)/(Relative Risk)
Cohort Studies [3] - ANSWER --Good for casual association, but time-consuming
--assesses individuals with and without exposure to a potential risk factor
--incidence of outcome is determined with follow-up visits
Ex: a study that follows hospitalized patients with and without exposure to invasive devices to determine
association of invasive device exposure and HAIs.
Case-Control Study [3] - ANSWER --quick, less expensive, easier
--retrospective
--compares identified cases of outcome of interest with group of control subjects without outcome of
interest
Ex: a study that compares patients with bacteremia with patients without bacteremia. Records are
reviewed to determine various factors.
Cross-sectional study [3] - ANSWER --prevalence rate only determined.
--snapshot of a specific point in time or for a specific period of time
--measures previously and newly identified cases of disease
Ex: study examines relationship between foley catheter and UTIs by assessing # of patients currently in
hospital with UTIs and determine if there are more patients with catheters than without.
Mean - ANSWER Average
Hill's Criteria: Temporality - ANSWER Exposure to hospitalized causal factor must precede onset of
disease
, Hill's Criteria: Biological Gradient - ANSWER Increased exposure to factor increases likelihood of disease
Hill's Criteria: Biological plausible - ANSWER self explanatory. BUT lack of biological plausability does not
necessarily disprove theoretical association
Hill's Criteria: Coherence - ANSWER Association should be in accordance with other facts
Hill's Criteria: Experiment - ANSWER Meaning association should be derived from experiments
Hill's Criteria: Analogy - ANSWER Similar associations show casuality
Median - ANSWER Midpoint in which 50% of values fall below or above the middle value
Mode - ANSWER most frequently occurring number
Standard Deviation - ANSWER --tells you how your data behaves around the mean, how data is spread
out.
(You don't have to know how to calculate it.)
Sensitivity [2] - ANSWER --Probability of a positive test among patients with disease
--Negative rules out disease.
Sensitivity= (True Positives)/((True positives+False negatives)) X 100
Specificity [2] - ANSWER --Probability of negative tests among patients without disease
--positive rules in disease
Specificity=(True Negatives)/((True negatives+False positives)) X 100
what does (x/y)*k represent? - ANSWER x=numerator
y=denominator
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