Exam (elaborations)
GALEN NUR 210 EXAM 1 MODULES 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
- Course
- Institution
GALEN NUR 210 EXAM 1 MODULES 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
GALEN NUR 210 EXAM 1 MODULES 1-3QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The process in which medications move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption - ANSWER happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream. Most meds
are taken by mouth.
Oral absorption - ANSWER Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption - ANSWER Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption - ANSWER Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissolution - ANSWER Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down into particles,
disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so absorption from the GI tract into the bloodstream
occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere with the absorption of drugs.
Drugs that resist dissolution - ANSWER Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do
not pass through the GI tract.
,Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the pill reaches the small intestine.
EC and sustained release meds should not be crushed.
Factors that affect absorption - ANSWER •Lack of muscle and increased fat changes medicine absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients - ANSWER Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill is not 100% drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with PCN, which is not well absorbed
from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the absorption of PCN
first pass effect - ANSWER •the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some of the drug becomes
inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying - ANSWER Food doesn't move like it should
Distribution - ANSWER refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues
Factors affecting distribution - ANSWER -blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding - ANSWER Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
, free drugs - ANSWER drugs not bound to protein
Drug Toxicity - ANSWER -Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one might accumulate and cause
a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound medications and monitor albumin
levels in patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
Drug distribution and albumin - ANSWER -A decrease in albumin levels decrease the protein-binding
sites, which means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active in the body and cause a
pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney disease have low albumin levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - ANSWER -The BBB protects the brain from most drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal growth and development.
Metabolism - ANSWER •Chemically changes drug to a form that can be excreted
•Liver primary site
half-life - ANSWER •the time it takes for the drug in the body to be reduced by half
Loading dose - ANSWER use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the drug to
reach the critical concentration (therapeutic level) sooner
•Blood thinner
•Antibiotic
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Performance. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81531 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now