Exam (elaborations)
Autism Spectrum Disorder Questions and Answers 2024
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism Spectrum DisorderAutism spectrum disorders are a class of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized
by the presence or absence in: - answer social reciprocity
communication
repetitive behaviors
Symptoms of ASD are generally: - answer1) neurologically based
b) genetic disposition
c) gene-environment interaction
ASD can occur in conjunction with: - answera) intellectual disability and learning
disabilities, b) genetic syndromes (e.g. Rett, Prader Willi, and William), c) biologically
based behaviors (e.g. tics), and d) medical conditions including epilepsy
Children under this diagnosis do not have the distribution of symptoms for another
diagnosis within the autism spectrum disorder or have atypical presentation with
functional impairments in the relevant areas. - answerPervasive Developmental
Disorder
Children with this disorder have typical language but have difficulties with socialization,
could not conform to social demands, and have repetitive behaviors. -
answerAsperger's Disorder
T/F: Children with Asperger's Disorder are often not diagnosed until school age, when
the social demands of the classroom make the symptoms functionally apparent. -
answertrue
Asperger's Disorder can be diagnosed if three symptoms are present, in which two are
related to ____ and one to _____. - answersocial reciprocity; habitual behaviors
Inability to read and comprehend the feelings, experiences, and motives of others. -
answerimpairments in social reciprocity
The prototypical example of social reciprocity: - answereye contact
Ability to share a common point of reference that starts to develop around 6 months of
age and facilitates social interaction and sharing. - answerjoint attention
What is Theory of Mind? - answerunderstanding that other people have a different point
of view
, Provide examples of symptoms found in ASD: - answera) difficulty in integrating verbal
and nonverbal communication, b) atypical patterns of relating to other people, c)
diminished eye contact, d) decreased used of facial expression, e) exaggerated or
absent gestures
What is usually the first area of concern identified by most families whose children are
later diagnosed with ASD? - answerlanguage delay
In about 25-30% of children with ASD early language development is typical but is
subsequently lost between ___ and ___ months. - answer18 and 24 months
Early label of children with ASD is often characterized by: - answera) imperative labeling
(using words for naming), b) echolalia (perseverative into childhood and beyond), c)
atypical prosody (imitating inflection of other person), d) improper use of pronouns
(referring to self in third person)
Family studies have identified genes that may be related to ASD on multiple
chromosomes, including __, ___, and ___. - answer2, 7, and 15
About 60% of boys with ASD have: - answermacrocephaly (large heads), with
accelerated head circumference growth noted beginning between 4 and 12 months of
age followed by normal growth rates by school age
MRI studies of children with ASD note a greater volume of white matter in ______ and
_____ in early childhood. - answercortex and cerebellum
Impairments in processing faces is found in the: - answerfusiform gyrus
Processing the eye gaze of others is found in the: - answersuperior temporal sulcus
Imitation may be impaired because: - answermirror neurons do not communicate
properly
Substances that result in an increased risk of birth defects in the developing fetus are
terms: - answerteratogens
Teratogens include: - answermaternal medications, drugs of abuse, chemicals, and
radiation
T/F: No known environmental or chemical exposure has been associated with an
increased risk for ASD to date. - answertrue
T/F: There is casual relationship of thimerosal containing vaccines or methylmercury
and ASD according to scientific evidence. - answerfalse
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