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NUR195 Final Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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NUR195 Final Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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NUR195 Final Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
The lungs are lined with - visceral pleura
the thorax is lined with - parietal pleura
pleurisy - inflammation of the parietal pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
Accessory muscles - The secondary muscles of respiration which show the pts work of breathing.
includes the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the
abdominal muscles.
what keeps aveoli expanded? - - surfactant - reduces surface tension and prevents collapse
Atalectasis - punctured pleura; lung collapses
caused by anesthesia, asthma, etc
can lead to pneumonia, respiratory. failure, etc
intervention for atelectasis - •Use of incentive Spirometry
•Prevention is KEY
•Early mobility
•Nebulizers to facilitate secretion movement
•Turn, cough, deep breathe
•Pain meds PRN to facilitate deep breathing exercises
ABCs - airway: upper respiratory tract
-natural or artificial airway
breathing: lower respiratory tract
-ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion
, circulation: adequate BP and Hgb
restricted breathing from COPD, asthma, diaphragm/abdonminal pain results in a decreased - tidal
volume
ventilation - movement of air in and out of the lungs (to alveoli)
diffusion - Exchange of respiratory gases (CO2 and O2) in the alveoli and capillary membranes
perfusion - supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, cells and tissues by blood flow through
capillaries
Adequate gas exchange depends on - adequate ventilation-perfusion ratio
nose to larynx respiratory defense mechanisms
-effected by - upper respiratory membranes, nasal mucosa and cilia: filter, warm and humidify air we
breathe
tracheostomies bypass warmth and humidification--will need to provide
trachea to bronchioles respiratory defense mechanisms
-complicated by - cilia in their upward motion provides mucociliary clearance of foreign particles in the
airway (aka MCC escalator)
smoking complicates this and leads to emphysema/high secretion of mucous
cough reflex - respiratory defense mechanism - helps protect against aspiration and helps to clear
secretions
diminishes over time with age
coughing is not productive until secretions reach - the larger airways
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