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NSG 300 Exam 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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NSG 300 Exam 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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NSG 300 Exam 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
hypoventilation - decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
Causes excessive CO2 retention= respiratory acidosis & respiratory arrest
S/S: mental status change, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrect, convulsions, unconsciousness, death
hyperventilation - increased rate and depth of breathing
Causes: severe anxiety, infection, drugs, acid-base imbalance
S/S: rapid respirations, sighing breaths, numbness/tingling of extremities, light-headedness, LOC
hypoxia - lack of oxygen at the cellular level
-check HgB levels
hypoxia cause - -decreased hemoglobin and lowered oxygen- carrying capacity of the blood;
-diminished concentration of inspired oxygen (high-altitude);
-inability of tissues to extract oxygen from the blood (cyanide poisoning);
-decreased diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to the blood (pneumonia);
poor tissue perfusion with oxygenated blood (shock)
-impaired ventilated (chest trauma)
early signs of hypoxia - Restlessness
Agitation
Tachycardia
-inc BP and RR
late signs of hypoxia - Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
,-dec RR
cyanosis - bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen
NOT a reliable sign of hypoxia
central cyanosis - observed on tongue, soft palate, conjunctiva.
peripheral cyanosis - seen in extremities, nail beds, earlobes (vasoconstriction)
what influences the capacity of blood to carry O2 - 1. amount of dissolved O2 in plasma
2. amount of HgB
3. ability of HgB to bind with O2
tidal volume - Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath
what affects tidal volume - Pregnancy, obesity, exercise, obstructive/restrictive lungs, conditions of
lungs
inspiration - active process of breathing oxygen in; stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta
expiration - passive process of breathing out; depends on elastic recoil properties of the lungs
surfactant - chemical produced in lugs to maintain surface tension/to keep alveoli from collapsing
pathophysiology of COPD - Scar tissue in the parenchyma decreases elastic recoil of lungs and thorax
(compliance) which inc work of breathing
compliance - ability of the lungs to expand in response to increased interalveolar pressure
-dec with pulmonary edema, interstitial & pleural fibrosis, congenital/traumatic structural abnormalities
like kyphosis or fractured ribs
, accessory muscles - increase lung volume during inspiration. overuse causes noneffective ventilation
and fatigue
airway resistance - the increase in pressure that occurs as the diameter of the airways decreases from
mouth/nose to alveoli.
what are some factors that block the airway and prevent gas exchange - asthma, flu, covid, mucus,
atelectasis (risk inc. w/ immobility)
diffusion (pulmonary circulation) - process of exchanging respiratory gases in the alveoli of the lungs and
capillaries in body tissues
what affects the rate of diffusion - -thickness of membrane (slow gas exchange-> dec delivery of O2)
-pulmonary edema
-pulmonary infiltrates
-pulmonary effusion
what alters the alveolar capillary surface area - chronic diseases
process of oxygenation (pulmonary) - ventilation, diffusion, perfusion
ventilation - movement of gases into and out of the lungs
perfusion - The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion - Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
client experiencing altered respiratory function and altered tissue perfusion (Interventions) - -Health
promotion: vaccinations, healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to environmental pollutants
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