BIO 240 MODULE 1 EXAM ACTUAL EXAM
NEWEST VERSION 2024-2025 EXPECTED QUESTION
AND CORRECT ANSWER FROM VERIFIED SOURCES
RATED A GRADE.
What are the two types of bone?✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔compact and
spongy
How are bones innervated?✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔nevres accompany
blood vessels through the formen to innervate the periosteum,
endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses; mainly sensory nerves
Red bone marrow✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔(myeloid tissue) formes
blood cells of body; contains reticular CT, develping blood cells, and
adipocytes
Yellow bone marrow✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fatty tissue found in the
medullary cavity of most adult long bones
Describe the distribution of red bone marrow in adults.✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔found in parts of axial skeleton and proximal ephiphyses of
humerus and femur
,How does anemia effect bone marrow?✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔it may
trigger conversion of yellow bone marrow back to red bone marrow to
facilitate an increased production of erythrocytes
What are the four types of cells found in bone CT?✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Osteoprogenitor cells✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔stem cells that produce
osteoblasts
osteoblasts✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔synthesize and secrete initial bone
matrix (osteoid); differentiate into osteocytes
osteocytes✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔mature bone cells; maintain bone
matrix and detect stress on bone
Osteoclasts✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔derived from fused bone marrow
cells; break down bone for bone resorption
What makes up the organic component in the matrix of bone
CT?✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔osteoid, which is produced by osteoblasts;
osteoid is composed of collagen and ground substance
(proteoglycans+glycoproteins); provide bone with tensile strength and
flexibility
,What makes up the inorganic component in the matrix of bone
CT?✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔salt crystals (mostly calcium phosphate);
crystals deposit around collagen fibers in matrix and harden it for bone
rigidity and compressional strength
Explain bone formation✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔First, osteoblasts
secrete osteoid. Then calcification occurs when the concentration of
Ca+ and Phosphate ions precipate out of solution to form
hydroxyapatite crystals that deposit around collagen fibers.
Bone resorption✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔When bone matrix is
destroyed by osteoclasts. The proteolytic enzymes released from
lysosomes from osteoclasts digest organic components of matrix. HCl
dissolves mineral parts of matrix .
Osteons (compact bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔basic structural unit of
mature compact bone; small, cylindrical structure
The central canal (compact bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔At center of
osteon; carries blood vessels and nerves
Concentric lamellae (compact bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔rings of
bone tissue surrounding central canal; provide bone strength
, Lacunae (compact bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔small spaces that each
house an osteocyte
Canaliculi (compact bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔small channels that
connect lacunae; allow for nutrient exchange and cellular
communication between osteocytes
Perforating canals (compact bone)✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Perpendicular to the central canal; carry blood vessels into
bone and marrow
circumferntial lamellae (compact bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔rings of
bone
intersitial lamellae (compact bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔either
components between osteons or parts of osteons that have been
partially resorbed
Trabeculae (spongy bone)✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔open lattice of
narrow rods and plates of bone
Explain the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone.✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Trabeculae appear to be disorganized, but they are laid
down along stress lines
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