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Hkin 276- Study guide 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Hkin 276- Study guide 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Hkin 276- Study guide 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
module 2? - https://quizlet.com/128525243/motor-learning-4-7-flash-cards/
Ted's - https://quizlet.com/248632902/flashcards/starred
Open-loop control system in motor learning: - A control system where all the information needed to
initiate and carry out an action as planned is contained in the *initial instructions* to the effector
-missing feedback and comparator mechanisms for determining system errors
When is open-loop especially important? - When an action needs to be done quickly (reflexes)
When isn't modification required in movement: - -During open loop-systems
Typically when an environmental situation is predictable and stable where modification of commands
are low
What influences reaction time?: - is affected by several features; but typically complexity and duration
of the movement during the programming stage
Factors that increase reaction time - - additional elements in area added to an action
- more limbs must be coordinated, and
- the duration of the movement becomes longer
Factors that shorten reaction time: - Anticipation
-Startle Stimuli (intense stimuli-auditory or visual): causing the prepared movement produced normally,
but with an RT up to 100 ms shorter
, Deafferentation experiments and their findings: - A surgical technique that involves cutting an animal's
afferent nerve bundle where it enters the cord. The central nervous system no longer can receive
information from some portion of the periphery.
The studies show that sensory information from the moving limb in not absolutely critical for movement
production.
Description of the central pattern generator: - A centrally located control mechanism that produces
mainly genetically defined actions
-It is used to describe simple, genetically defined activities such as walking.....motor program theory
applies to learned skills such as riding a bicycle
-The main difference is that the motor program involves learned activities that are centrally controlled.
Stop signal paradigm and action inhibition in movement: - It is the method most frequently used for
studying action inhibition
-A motor program initiates and carries out the entire action.....unless a second stop signal program is
initiated in time to arrest its completion
Major roles of open-loop organization: - 1. define and give commands to musculature that determine
when, how forcefully, for how long muscles are to contract, and which ones
2. to organize degrees of freedom of the muscles and joints into a single unit
3. to specify and initiate preliminary postural adjustments necessary to support upcoming action
4. to modify the reflex pathways to ensure that the movement goal is achieved
Two problems in motor program theory: - 1. storage: how/where do humans store the nearly countless
number of motor programs needed for future use?
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