UTI Clinical Application
Review the clinical application cases below and determine the proper diagnosis.
Question
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with pyelonephritis:
3
A. Fever
B. Flank pain
C. Indwelling Foley catheter
D. Dehydration
Signaling Hormones
It is important to understand the signaling aspect of hormones. First, there are three types of
signaling hormones, steroid, peptide and amine. The table below provides a description of the
signaling hormones and their properties.
Note that peptide and amine hormones are hydrophilic (water-soluble). This means that they are
easily dissolved in fluid and do not have to bind to a protein in order to
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Terms in this set (294)
Lower Urinary Tract Infections Urgency is a symptom of lower tract UTI..
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection
includes:
A. Fever
B. Urgency
C. Flank pain
D. Decreased Urination
Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy is a risk factor the development of a UTI.
Which of the following is a risk factor for the
development of a urinary tract infection
(UTI)?
A. Perimenopause
B. Frequent showering
C. Pregnancy
D. Marathon running
,Complicated Urinary Tract Infections A complicated UTI can be caused by a structural issue in the urinary tract.
Which of the following is true regarding a
complicated urinary tract infection?
A. Can be caused by a structural urinary
tract disorder
B. It is usually asymptomatic
C. Is associated with young adults
D. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower
urinary tract
Urinary Tract Infections True: Women have a shorter urethra that puts them at higher risk for developing a UTI.
Women are at a higher risk for the
development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra.
True
False
Preventing UTIs Increase water consumption. Water consumption prevents UTI as it keeps bacteria
Which of the following can help to prevent a flushed out of the urinary tract.
UTI?
A. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
B. Taking more Vitamin D
C. Douching to prevent the growth of
bacteria
D. Increase water consumption
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are commonly
seen in clinical practice. Bacteria from the
gut can invade the urinary epithelium to
cause inflammation and infection anywhere
along the urinary tract such as the urethra,
bladder, ureter, or kidney. Some individuals
are predisposed to developing a UTI. It is
more common for women to develop a UTI
especially when pregnant, sexually active,
during post-menopause with estrogen-
deficiency and when being treated with
antibiotics where the normal bacteria flora is
diminished. Although less common, men may
develop a lower UTI. An upper UTI is less
common in men due to the longer urethra
and ureter structures that make it more
difficult for bacteria to reach the kidney. An
indwelling urinary catheter can also
contribute the development of a UTI. Finally,
individuals who experience urinary
obstruction, diabetes or neurogenic bladder
are also at risk for de
, UTI Risk Factors
There are several risk factors that predispose
individuals to the development of a UTI. For
women, pregnancy is a risk factor. During
pregnancy, progesterone relaxes smooth
muscle that causes stasis of urine, allowing
the bacteria to colonize. Also, the female
ureter is shorter and allows for the entrance
of bacteria into the urethra.
Post-menopausal women are also at risk for
developing a UTI. The lack of estrogen
results in vaginal and urethral dryness that
promotes an environment for bacteria to
grow. Sexual intercourse also contributes to
the development of a UTI where bacteria can
be easily introduced into the urethra. If
spermicides are used during sexual
intercourse, this also puts the woman at risk
for a UTI.
Indwelling urinary catheterization is also a
major cause of a UTI, especially in females.
The catheter itself can introduce infections
directly into the bladder. The bacteria will
coloni
Lower vs. Upper Tract Disorders
A UTI can be discussed in terms of its
location. Note that a UTI can occur anywhere
along the urinary tract and can be associated
with another issue in the area. For example, if
the infection occurs at the opening of the
urethra, then the condition is termed
urethritis. Overall, cystitis is a condition of the
lower urinary tract that denotes a bladder
infection. Cystitis can occur in both females
and males. In males, the cystitis may be
associated with prostatitis.
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of the
UTI is important in categorizing it as either a
lower or upper urinary tract disorder. In a
lower urinary tract disorder, the individual
experiences urgency associated with burning
on urination. Other common symptoms of a
lower UTI is frequency, dysuria, and
suprapubic pain. The urine may also appear
cloudy and have an odor.
An infection of the lower urinary tract can
progress to an
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